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Advanced Neurology                                         Cognitive assessment using performance-based tests




            Table 3. (Continued)
            Assessment          Study   QuADS  Description   Sample size   Mean age (SD)   Cognitive   Approach/model
                               relevant   Rating             and TBI       of the TBI   domains
                                            iv
                              to the TBI   (x/39)            subgroup      subgroup  assessed
                              population
            Hotel task (HT) 51   51       11  Simulated hotel work  N=10   32.1 (11.1)  Executive   No approach/
                                              tasks: preparing bills  TBI=9          functioning   model
                                              for guests, sorting                    skills, including   documented
                                              coins, finding details                 planning,
                                              on a menu, sorting                     organization,
                                              name tags, and                         self-monitoring,
                                              proofreading                           and flexibility
            Naturalistic action test   52  19  Four subtasks:   N=100      35.7 (12.7)  Comprehension   Developed as a
            (NAT) 20                          preparing toast,   TBI=25              of instructions,   simpler version
                                              making coffee,                         planning,   of the multiple
                                              wrapping a present,                    problem-solving,  errands test  for
                                                                                                         40
                                              and packing a                          attention, and   use in a hospital;
                                              child’s school bag;                    initiation.  based on Luria’s
                                              standardized cueing                                multiple object
                                              and scoring; objects                               tests (MOTs),
                                                                                                          53
                                              required for the tests                             modified to
                                              are placed amongst                                 become the
                                              distractor items;                                  multi-level action
                                              scoring based on                                   test,  which later
                                                                                                    54
                                              steps completed and                                became NAT
                                              errors made
            Observed tasks of    56       22  Three IADL     N=140         52.5 (17.4)  Everyday   Based on a
            daily living-revised              tasks: answering   TBI=40              problem-solving  hierarchical
            (OTDL-R) 55                       medication                                         model of everyday
                                              questions, using                                   cognition 57
                                              a phone to source
                                              information, and
                                              paying a bill by
                                              check; provides
                                              a summary score
                                              of performance
                                              of everyday
                                              problem-solving
            Perceive, recall, plan, and   58  15  Observation of a   N=16  45.2 (14.6)  Information   the underlying
            perform system of task            PADL or IADL task   TBI=7              processing   conceptual model
            analysis (PRPP) 23                chosen by clinician                    components   is the information
                                              and patient; scores                    required for   processing model
                                              patient’s ability, task                task, perception,  from learning
                                              breakdown, and                         recall, response   new tasks in the
                                              influence of the                       planning, and   workplace 59
                                              environment                            performance;
                                                                                     these four areas
                                                                                     of cognitive
                                                                                     processing are
                                                                                     interrelated in
                                                                                     this assessment
            The Rabideau kitchen   61     18  Patient asked to   N=34      30.3 (6.4)  Functional   Based on Lezak’s
                                                                                                       62
            evaluation-revised                prepare a meal and   TBI=34            sequencing;   research  (i.e., if
            (RKE-R) 60                        hot drink (i.e., a cold                test designed to   an individual
                                              sandwich with two                      evaluate client   can synthesize
                                              fillings and a hot                     status over time  their skills to
                                              drink); cueing and                                 complete a task)
                                              level of assistance                                and Trombly’s
                                              were scored                                        scoring of meal
                                                                                                 preparation
                                                                                                 skills 63
                                                                                                       (Cont’d...)


            Volume 4 Issue 1 (2025)                         60                               doi: 10.36922/an.4508
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