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Advanced Neurology Tetrapleura tetraptera protects the hippocampus

tonic seizures. A repeated measure one-way analysis
of variance revealed a significant difference (F = 20.78,
p<0.001). Bonferroni’s post-hoc test further indicated that 11 (n=35) 3.14±2.79***
the seizure scores increased significantly from days 1 to 11
(alternate days) (Table 2).

A one-way analysis of the variance of the seizure scores
between groups on an alternate day 11 revealed a significant 10 (n=35) 3.29±2.80***
difference (F = 8.52, p<0.001). The seizure scores in the
PTZ group were significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to
the group pre-treated with 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of T.
tetraptera. However, no significant difference was observed 9 (n=35) 3.31±2.75***
between the 1,000 mg/kg T. tetraptera and sodium
valproate groups. In addition, the group pre-treated with
sodium valproate exhibited significantly higher (p<0.05)
seizure scores compared to the 500 mg/kg T. tetraptera 8 (n=35) 3.20±2.44***
group (Table 3).
3.4. Quantal protection action of T. tetraptera
The percentage quantal protection for the groups 7 (n=35) 2.83±2.20***
pre-treated with sodium valproate (85.71%), low-dose
T. tetraptera (71.42%), or intermediate-dose T. tetraptera
(85.71%) was higher compared to the PTZ group (57.14%).
However, there was no significant difference between the 6 (n=35) 2.03±2.38***
PTZ group and the high-dose T. tetraptera-pre-treated
group (57.14%) (Table 4).
Consistently, the mortality rates in the groups 5 (n=35) 0.5±0.78*
pre-treated with sodium valproate (14.29%), low-dose Notes: Repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni’s post-hoc tests were performed. Values are expressed as mean±standard deviation. F=20.78, p<0.001. *Indicates a significant
T. tetraptera (28.58%), and intermediate-dose T. tetraptera
(42.86%) were lower than those in the PTZ group (57.14%),
which did not differ from the high-dose T. tetraptera- 2.49±2.24***
pretreated group (42.86%) (Table 4). 4 (n=35)
3.5. Spontaneous alternation behavior

A repeated measures analysis of variance and Tukey’s
post-hoc tests revealed no significant difference (p = 0.1475,
F = 1.751) in spontaneous alternation behavior between 3 (n=35) 1.37±2.00*
the test groups: T. tetraptera alone, PTZ alone, pre-treated Table 2. Daily seizure scores of the experimental groups after pentylenetetrazol administration
sodium valproate, and pre-treated T. tetraptera at low,
intermediate, and high doses (Figure 1). difference from day 1 at P<0.05. ***Represents a significant difference from day 1 at p<0.001.

3.6. Cresyl violet-stained cells 2 (n=35) 1.03±1.98
In the control group, the CA3 region of the hippocampus
exhibited distinct and intensely stained Nissl substance
across all three layers: molecular, pyramidal, and
polymorphic (Figure 2A). Similarly, the CA3 region of the 1 (n=35) 0.0±0.0
hippocampus in the T. tetraptera fruit extract group showed
distinct and intense Nissl staining in these layers, resembling
the staining pattern of the control group (Figure 2B).
The PTZ group exhibited less prominent neuronal Alternate days Seizure scores
nuclei and a slightly weaker Nissl substance staining
intensity in the CA3 layers of the hippocampus compared

Volume 4 Issue 1 (2025) 84 doi: 10.36922/an.6862