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Advanced Neurology PVT in Indonesian neurological patients

as the latter required a lower adjusted cut-off score. Resources: Eugenia Emile Natasha
Moreover, the RDS includes the backward condition Supervision: Marc P. H. Hendriks, Magdalena S. Halim,
performance, which is sensitive to severe cognitive Roy P. C. Kessels
impairment. When clinicians encounter individuals with Validation: Widhi Adhiatma, Marc P. H. Hendriks
ND without prior specification of severity, the cut-off Visualization: Widhi Adhiatma, Marc P. H. Hendriks
score for ND should be used instead of those for mild or Writing – original draft: Widhi Adhiatma
major ND. In addition, the TMJPI is not recommended for Writing – review & editing: Widhi Adhiatma, Marc P. H.
individuals with severe cognitive impairment, as this test Hendriks, Roy P. C. Kessels
may result in an excessive probability of false positives, in
line with previous findings. 50,58 Clinicians should also be Ethics approval and consent to participate
cautious of invalid performance in older individuals with This study was conducted in accordance with the
severe cognitive impairment who also have low levels of Helsinki Declaration, and ethical approval was
education. We recommend that clinicians use at least two granted by the Research Ethics Committee of Atma
PVTs in neuropsychological assessments to improve the Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia (No: 0032L/III/
accuracy of detecting performance validity. LPPM-PM.10.05/12/2021), the Ethics Committee of the
Acknowledgments Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia—Cipto
Mangunkusumo Hospital (No: KET387a/UN2.F1/ETIK/
We would like to thank Alfo Yanuar, Anastasia Jessica, PPM.00.02/2022), and Atma Jaya Hospital (No: 133/
Angela Stevina, Antonia Gita, Chlalissa Michele, Hansel DIR-e/II/2022). The last two institutional review boards
Edbert, Jessica Angel, Prita Pradipta, Shanen Emily Liga, were required for data collection at Cipto Mangunkusumo
and Sindya Bisono for their assistance in data collection. Hospital and Atma Jaya Hospital. Written consent was
We also thank Ellycia Andrea Davita for her assistance obtained from each participant, except for those with ND,
in organizing the tables. In addition, we acknowledge the for whom consent was provided by their caregivers (i.e.,
support of Alzheimer’s Indonesia, the halfway house for family members or nursing home staff).
elderly transgender people in Jakarta, and the following
nursing homes: Tresna Werdha Budi Mulia 2, the Melania Consent for publication
Nursing Home, 247 WULAN Health & Care, RUKUN Patients consented on the publication of their data.
Senior Living, and the Berea Nursing Home, for facilitating
participant recruitment. Availability of data

Funding The data presented in this study are openly available in the
Donders Repository at https://doi.org/10.34973/pyhj-0y27.
The first author is an awardee of the “Beasiswa Pendidikan
Pascasarjana Luar Negeri 2019” (No: T/993/D3.2/ Further disclosure
KD.02.01/2019) from the Directorate General of Higher The results presented in this article were shared at the
Education, Research, and Technology, Ministry of Education, 2023 International Neuropsychological Society Meeting
Culture, Research, and Technology, Republic of Indonesia. in Taiwan, titled The specificity and cut-off scores of
Conflict of interest multiple performance validity tests in Indonesian mixed
neurological samples, on July 6-8, 2023.
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
References
Author contributions
1. Rudman N, Oyebode JR, Jones CA, Bentham P. An
Conceptualization: Widhi Adhiatma, Marc P. H. Hendriks, investigation into the validity of effort tests in a working age
Magdalena S. Halim, Roy P. C. Kessels dementia population. Aging Ment Health. 2011;15(1):47-57.
Data curation: Widhi Adhiatma, Eugenia Emile Natasha doi: 10.1080/13607863.2010.508770
Formal analysis: Widhi Adhiatma
Funding acquisition: Widhi Adhiatma 2. Bush SS, Ruff RM, Tröster AI, et al. Symptom validity
assessment: Practice issues and medical necessity NAN
Investigation: Widhi Adhiatma, Eugenia Emile Natasha, Policy and Planning Committee. Arch Clin Neuropsychol.
Octavianus Darmawan, Diatri Nari Lastri 2005;20(4):419-426.
Methodology: Widhi Adhiatma, Marc P. H. Hendriks, Roy
P. C. Kessels doi: 10.1016/j.acn.2005.02.002
Project administration: Eugenia Emile Natasha 3. Heilbronner RL, Sweet JJ, Morgan JE, Larrabee GJ, Millis SR.

Volume 4 Issue 2 (2025) 96 doi: 10.36922/an.5661