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Advanced Neurology Depression and its risk factors in India

Table 4. (Continued)
No. Author Year of State Disease Depression Results
publication assessment tools
21 Das et al., 2013 197 2013 West Bengal Diabetes DSM-IV Depression was highly prevalent
mellitus in patients with Type 2 diabetes
mellitus and led to a lower quality
of life.
22 Balhara and Sagar, 2011 198 2011 New Delhi Diabetes PHQ-9 Depression was highly prevalent
mellitus in patients with Type 2 diabetes
mellitus.
Abbreviations: MINI-5: Mini international neuropsychiatric interview, Version 5; MDD: Major depressive disorder; IBS: Irritable bowel syndrome;
HDRS: Hamilton depression rating scale; AMD: Age-related macular degeneration; GDS: Geriatric depression scale; SCID-CV: Structured clinical
interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders, clinical version; TTH: Tension-type headache; ICD-10: International classification of diseases, tenth revision;
PHQ-9: Patient health questionnaire-9; HSC-25: Hopkins symptoms checklist-25; HADS: Hospital anxiety and depression scale;
OCD: Obsessive-compulsive disorder; DR-TB: Drug-resistant tuberculosis; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DSM-IV: Diagnostic and
statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition.

Figure 5. Depression comorbidity association network

resistant tuberculosis (TB) has become another significant and depression scale. This suggests that as the severity of
concern. It is generally categorized into two types: glaucoma worsens, individuals may experience higher
multidrug-resistant and extensive drug-resistant TB. In levels of anxiety and depression. Academic stress has
136
North India, Srinivasan et al. discovered that psychological meanwhile been linked with oral health issues, with higher
problems such as depression and anxiety are common perceived stress scores correlating with increased cases of
among patients with chronic illnesses who also have TB. caries (the decay and crumbling of a tooth). 137
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In a cross-sectional prevalence study, Dayal et al. examined
200 patients attending a glaucoma outpatient clinic at a These studies illustrate the importance of recognizing
prestigious eye hospital in Pune, India. Their investigation and addressing mental health in the overall management of
revealed that the severity of the disease was strongly medical conditions to ensure comprehensive and effective
correlated with elevated scores on the Hospital anxiety patient care.

Volume 4 Issue 3 (2025) 47 doi: 10.36922/an.5940