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Advanced Neurology Seizure precipitants

factors, more research and counseling can be directed to record number of patients was used in the questionnaire to
specific precipitants, and broader multicenter studies are ensure confidentiality.
recommended.
Consent for publication
7. Conclusion
No personal, identifiable, or sensitive participant
The majority of the PWEs surveyed are aware of the information was used in this study. All data were fully
potential precipitating factors provoking their seizures, anonymized/aggregated with no direct or indirect
at a rate higher than what has been reported elsewhere. identifiers. Therefore, explicit participant consent for
The most common type of epilepsy was GTC seizure type, publication was not required.
with a mean incidence of seizure trigger/precipitant of
3-4. The most frequent precipitating factors noted were Availability of data
stress, sleep deprivation, fatigue, and missing an anti- Data are available on reasonable request from the principal
epileptic dose. Therefore, employing precipitating factor author.
screening tools in daily clinical practice for early detection
and providing health education for PWEs during their References
follow-up is as important as their regular ASM treatment.
Furthermore, involving family members and other 1. Al-Kattan A. Assessment of precipitating factors of
breakthrough seizures in epileptic patients. Egypt J Neurol
stakeholders to increase PWEs’ awareness to focus on non- Psychiatr Neurosurg. 2015;52(3):165-171.
pharmacological therapy is important for achieving better
outcomes. 2. World Health Organization. Epilepsy. WHO; n.d. Available
from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/
Acknowledgments epilepsy [Last accessed on 2018 Oct 26].
The authors thank all patients who participated in the 3. Koutsogiannopoulos S, Adelson F, Lee V, Andermann F.
study. In addition, the authors express their deepest Stressors at the onset of adult epilepsy: Implications for
gratitude to the Department of Neurology and the School practice. Epileptic Disord. 2009;11(1):42-47.
of Public Health for their dedication. 4. Paul A, Adeloye D, George-Carey R, Kolčić I, Grant L,
Chan KY. An estimate of the prevalence of epilepsy in
Funding Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic analysis. J Glob Health.
2012;2(2):020405.
None.
doi: 10.7189/jogh.02.020405
Conflict of interest 5. Bifftu BB, Tadesse Tiruneh B, Mekonnen Kelkay M, et al.

The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Seizure-related injuries among people with epilepsy at the
outpatient department of the University of Gondar Hospital,
Author contributions Northwest Ethiopia: Cross-sectional institutional-based
study. Neurol Res Int. 2017;2017(1):1-5.
Conceptualization: Michael Tesfaye
Data curation: Michael Tesfaye doi: 10.1155/2017/4970691
Formal analysis: Michael Tesfaye, Amanuel Amare, Meron 6. Merkena MD. Prevalence of cognitive adverse outcomes in
Awraris, Yohannes Debebe epileptic outpatients. J Neurol Stroke. 2016;4(5):00155.
Investigation: Michael Tesfaye, Amanuel Amare, Meron 7. Thurman DJ, Begley CE, Carpio A, et al. The primary
Awraris, Yohannes Debebe prevention of epilepsy: A report of the Prevention Task
Methodology: Michael Tesfaye, Amanuel Amare, Meron Force of the International League Against Epilepsy. Epilepsia.
Awraris, Yohannes Debebe 2018;59(5):905-914.
Writing–original draft: Michael Tesfaye doi: 10.1111/epi.14068
Writing–review & editing: Michael Tesfaye, Jemal Haidar
8. Kaddumukasa M, Kaddumukasa M, Matovu S, Katabira E.
Ethics approval and consent to participate The frequency and precipitating factors for breakthrough
seizures among patients with epilepsy in Uganda. BMC
All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant Neurol. 2013;13(1):182.
guidelines and regulations. Ethical clearance was obtained
from the Ethical Review Committee of the Department doi: 10.1186/1471-2377-13-182
of Neurology, Addis Ababa University. Written informed 9. Sperling MR, Schilling CA, Glosser D, Tracy JI,
consent was received from participants. The medical Asadi-Pooya AA. Self-perception of seizure precipitants and

Volume 4 Issue 4 (2025) 64 doi: 10.36922/an.7679