Page 46 - ARNM-3-3

Advances in Radiotherapy
& Nuclear Medicine PI3K and Akt in androgen-independent PCa

Figure 2. Representative immunohistochemical staining chart. Positive staining intensities are denoted as “+” (weak positive), “++” (medium positive),
and “+++” (strong positive). Scale bar: 100 μm; magnification: 20×.
Abbreviations: Akt: Protein kinase B; AR: Androgen receptor; PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase.

Table 2. Comparison of androgen receptor expression Table 3. Comparison of phosphatidylinositol‑3‑kinase
between the two patient groups expression between the two patient groups
Molecular Staining AIPC ADPC Statistic p‑value Molecular Staining intensity AIPC ADPC Statistic p‑value
marker intensity marker
Androgen + 3 2 −1.622 0.105 PI3K + 2 0 32.901 <0.001
receptor ++ 8 17 ++ 4 28
+++ 27 19 +++ 32 10
Note: Positive staining intensities are denoted as “+” (weak positive), Note: Positive staining intensities are denoted as “+” (weak positive),
“++” (medium positive), and “+++” (strong positive). “++” (medium positive), and “+++” (strong positive).
Abbreviations: ADPC: Androgen-dependent prostate cancer; Abbreviations: ADPC: Androgen-dependent prostate cancer; AIPC: Androgen-
AIPC: Androgen-independent prostate cancer. independent prostate cancer; PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase.

3.6. Expression of Akt in the two patient groups
Table 4. Comparison of Akt expression intensity between the
A significant difference in Akt expression between the two patient groups
AIPC and ADPC groups was observed (p < 0.01). This
finding suggests that the formation of AIPC may be closely Molecular Staining intensity AIPC ADPC Statistic p‑value
related to Akt activation. Following androgen blockade marker
therapy, phosphorylation-induced activation of Akt may Akt + 0 1 28.897 <0.001
promote tumor cell proliferation, infiltration, and the ++ 3 24
development of AIPC (Table 4). +++ 35 13

3.7. Correlation between AR and PI3K expression Note: Positive staining intensities are denoted as “+” (weak positive),
in AIPC “++” (medium positive), and “+++” (strong positive).
Abbreviations: Akt: Protein kinase B; ADPC: Androgen-dependent
Spearman’s rank correlation analysis indicated that AR prostate cancer; AIPC: Androgen-independent prostate cancer.
and PI3K expression in AIPC is positively correlated
(correlation coefficient: R = 0.341; p = 0.036 [p < 0.05]), markers. This suggests that PI3K expression increases with
suggesting a synergistic relationship between the two increasing AR expression in AIPC (Table 5).

Volume 3 Issue 3 (2025) 38 doi: 10.36922/ARNM025160018