Page 49 - ARNM-3-3

Advances in Radiotherapy
& Nuclear Medicine PI3K and Akt in androgen-independent PCa

associated with PCa progression. These findings are Ethics approval and consent to participate
consistent with previous studies, which reported that PI3K
expression in PCa is critically involved in tumor growth, This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Review
invasion, and metastasis. Akt expression is also positively Board of Xi’an Fourth Hospital (No. 20180002). All patients
provided informed consent before their participation in
correlated with clinical indicators of PCa progression, and the study.
its detection through immunohistochemistry may reflect
therapeutic outcomes and prognosis. This study aimed Consent for publication
27
to explore the mechanisms underlying AIPC development
and to identify new potential targets for gene-based clinical Patients consented to the publication of their data.
therapy. Availability of data
Although limited by a relatively small cohort (n = 38), Data are available from the corresponding author upon
no significant difference in AR expression was observed reasonable request.
between the two patient groups. Following androgen
blockade therapy, AR may become aberrantly activated References
through bypass mechanisms or through PI3K/Akt pathway 1. Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, et al. Global cancer statistics
activation under androgen-deprived or hypoandrogenic 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality
conditions. Furthermore, specific AR domains may be worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin.
selectively activated, leading to increased AR levels. 2024;74(3):229-263.

5. Conclusion doi: 10.3322/caac.21834
2. Huggins C, Hodges CV. Studies on prostatic cancer: I. The
In conclusion, AR, PI3K, and Akt were highly expressed in effect of castration, of estrogen and of androgen injection on
AIPC, with AR expression showing a positive correlation serum phosphatases in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate.
with both PI3K and Akt. In AIPC, AR, PI3K, and Akt 1941. J Urol. 2002;168(1):9-12.
expression levels were positively correlated with PSA doi: 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)64820-3
levels and GS. Notably, only Akt expression was positively
correlated with patient age, while AR and PI3K showed no 3. Epstein JI, Egevad L, Amin MB, et al. The 2014 international
significant association with age. These findings suggest that society of urological pathology (ISUP) consensus conference
the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway plays an important role in on Gleason grading of prostatic carcinoma: Definition of
grading patterns and proposal for a new grading system. Am
AIPC progression. Furthermore, AR, PI3K, and Akt may J Surg Pathol. 2016;40(2):244-252.
serve as potential therapeutic targets for AIPC. However,
this study is a retrospective study with a limited sample doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000000530
size and, therefore, has certain limitations. Future studies 4. Culig Z, Klocker H, Bartsch G, Steiner H, Hobisch A.
with larger cohorts are needed to validate these findings. Androgen receptors in prostate cancer. J Urol.
2003;170(4 Pt 1):1363-1369.
Acknowledgments doi: 10.1097/01.ju.0000075099.20662.7f

None. 5. Hobisch A, Culig Z, Radmayr C, Bartsch G, Klocker H,
Hittmair A. Distant metastases from prostatic carcinoma
Funding express androgen receptor protein. Cancer Res.

None. 1995;55(14):3068-3072.
6. Attard G, Swennenhuis JF, Olmos D, et al. Characterization
Conflict of interest of ERG, AR and PTEN gene status in circulating tumor
cells from patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer.
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Cancer Res. 2009;69(7):2912-2918.
Author contributions doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-3667

Conceptualization: Hongmei Qiao 7. Manning BD, Toker A. AKT/PKB signaling: Navigating the
Formal analysis: Wei Qian, Ge Zhang network. Cell. 2017;169(3):381-405.
Investigation: Ying Zhao, Lili Yang, Jia Wang doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.04.001
Methodology: Hongmei Qiao 8. Glaviano A, Foo AS, Lam HY, et al. PI3K/AKT/mTOR
Writing – original draft: Fengmei Cai signaling transduction pathway and targeted therapies in
Writing – review & editing: Hongmei Qiao, Huilian Hou cancer. Mol Cancer. 2023;22(1):138.

Volume 3 Issue 3 (2025) 41 doi: 10.36922/ARNM025160018