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Advances in Radiotherapy
& Nuclear Medicine CS@LGG for acute radiation-induced bowel injury alleviation

A

B C

D E F

Figure 1. Preparation and characterization of CS@LGG probiotic biomaterials. (A) Schematic diagram of CS@LGG formation. (B) SEM images of
uncoated LGG, CS alone, and CS@LGG biomaterial (scale bar, 2 μm). (C) Zeta potential of different samples (LGG, CS, and CS@LGG) (n = 3). (D) FTIR
spectrum of CS@LGG. (E) XPS analysis of CS@LGG. (F) Representative image of the final products of LGG, CS, and CS@LGG after 1 h of synthesis,
showing a hydrogel-like structure.
Abbreviations: CS: Chitosan; FTIR: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; LGG: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG; SEM: Scanning electron microscopy;
XPS: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Vitamin C and GSH were decent choices for treating villi and crypts (Figure A1D-F). Moreover, we conducted
radiation injury. Thus, we performed pre-experiments in a CCK-8 assay on IEC6 cells to explore viability after 8 Gy
comparing Vitamin C (500 mg/kg, PO), GSH (300 mg/kg, IR followed by administration of 1 mM Vitamin C, 1 mM
IP), and CS@LGG (1 UI, PO). All groups received daily GSH, and 0.5 UI/mL CS@LGG, respectively (Figure A1G).
administration for 5 days after 12 Gy WART. Surprisingly, Although Vitamin C and GSH can maintain cell viability,
we found that neither Vitamin C nor GSH had the best CS@LGG was superior to both. On this basis, we further
curative effective in reversing colon contraction and weight explored the effectiveness of CS@LGG in mitigating acute
loss, as shown in Figure A1A-C. At the histological level, radiation-induced bowel injury using a C57BL/6 mouse
HE staining demonstrated the same results, showing that model, as shown in Figure 2A. The mice received 12 Gy
Vitamin C and GSH failed to adequately protect intestinal pelvic IR followed by 5 days of gavage with PBS, LGG,

Volume 3 Issue 3 (2025) 70 doi: 10.36922/ARNM025230026