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Advances in Radiotherapy
& Nuclear Medicine CS@LGG for acute radiation-induced bowel injury alleviation

A B

C

D E

F

Figure 4. Biological safety verification of CS@LGG in vivo. (A) HE staining of major organs (heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney) from mice after 30 days
of administration of different materials (scale bar, 100 μd). (B) Body weight changes of mice over 28 days (n = 5). (C) WBC ratios, including Neu, Lym,
Mon, Eos, and Bas in mouse peripheral blood (n = 5). (D and E) Liver and kidney functions determined by (D) CREA-S, UREA, and (E) ALT and AST in
mouse serum (n = 5). (F) Hematological parameters of mice after daily administration of PBS, CS, LGG, or CS@LGG for 28 days, including WBC, PLT,
RBC, MCH, MCHC, MCV, HGB, and HCT (n = 5). Error bars are presented as mean ± SD. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post
hoc test. The p-values between group IR + PBS and IR + CS@LGG were calculated by an unpaired two-tailed t-test. All experiments were independently
repeated 3 times with similar results. Significant differences are indicated as follows: n.s., not significant; *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.
Abbreviations: ALT: Alanine transferase; AST: Aspartate transferase; Bas: Basophil; CREA-S: Creatine serum; CS: Chitosan; Eos: Eosinophil;
HCT: Hematocrit; HE: Hematoxylin and eosin; HGB: Hemoglobin; LGG: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG; Lym: Lymphocyte; MCH: Mean corpuscular
hemoglobin; MCHC: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; MCV: Mean cell volume; Mon: Monocyte; Neu: Neutrophil; PLT: platelets; RBC: Red
blood cells; SD: Standard deviation; WBC: White blood cells; PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline; ANOVA: Analysis of variance.

Volume 3 Issue 3 (2025) 74 doi: 10.36922/ARNM025230026