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Brain & Heart Pictorial rendition pulmonary stenosis

not be deemed excellent, the procedure did afford some Consent for publication
relief of obstruction in some patients, contributing to a
87
prolonged conduit life. 19,87 Rao suggested that stents may Not applicable.
be more useful in addressing this pathology. Availability of data
5. Summary and conclusion Not applicable.

This paper presents a pictorial rendition of the author’s Further disclosures
observations regarding BPV for treating valvar PS, PS
associated with cyanotic CHDs, and bioprosthetic valves The figures are either previously unpublished or reproduced
in the pulmonary position. BPV results in a reduction of from my own publications. Based on US Copyright law, I
peak systolic pressure gradient across the pulmonary valve have retained the right to reuse/reproduce these figures
at the time of BPV and at both intermediate-term and in my future books/publications. Consequently, there is
long-term follow-ups. Difficulties such as RV infundibular no need to secure specific permissions to reproduce these
stenosis, recurrence of stenosis at intermediate-term figures.
follow-up, and PI at long-term follow-up have been References
observed in isolated PS cases but occur infrequently.
RV infundibular obstruction typically resolves in most 1. Dotter CT, Judkins MP. Transluminal treatment of
patients, with some requiring beta-blocker therapy and arteriosclerotic obstruction. Description of a new technic
rare instances that necessitate surgery. Successful repeat and a preliminary report of its application. Circulation.
1964;30:654-670.
BPV has been performed to treat restenosis. To decrease
the incidence and degree of PI, the author and colleagues doi: 10.1161/01.cir.30.5.654
have revised the suggestions for B/A ratios used in BPV 2. Grüntzig A. Die perkutane rekanalisation chronischer
from the previous 1.2 – 1.4 to 1.2 – 1.25. In cases with arterieller-verschisse [dotter-prinzip] mit einem
PS in association with cyanotic CHD, improvements in doppellumigen dilatations-katheter (Percutaneous
O2 saturations at the time of BPV and enhanced anatomy recanalisation of chronic arterial occlusions [Dotter
at follow-up have been observed. However, the BPV principle] with a new double lumen dilatation catheter).
of bioprosthetic valves has resulted in only a minimal Rofo. 1976;124:80-86. [Article in German]
reduction of the gradient across the bioprosthetic valve, doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1230286
suggesting that stents may be a more effective option to 3. Grüntzig A, Kuhlmann V, Vetter W, Lutolf U, Meier B,
tackle this issue. Siegenthaler W. Treatment of renovascular hypertension
with percutaneous transluminal dilatation of a renal-artery
Acknowledgments stenosis. Lancet. 1978;1:801-802.

A substantial number of echocardiographic pictures were doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(78)93000-3
used as figures in this paper, with a significant portion 4. Grüntzig A, Schneider HJ. The percutaneous dilatation of
originating from examinations conducted at the Children’s chronic coronary stenoses--experiments and morphology.
Memorial Hermann Hospital in Houston, Texas. I take this Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1977;107:1588. [Article in
opportunity to thank the sonographers for their diligence German]
in securing high-quality echocardiograms. 5. Grüntzig AR. Perkutane dilatation von coronarstenosen-

Funding beschereibung eines neuen katheter-systems (Percutaneous
dilatation of experimental coronary artery stenosis -
None. description of a new catheter system). Klin Wochenschr.
1976;54:543-545. [Article in German]
Conflict of interest doi: 10.1007/BF01468977
The author declares no conflicts of interest. 6. Kan JS, White RJ Jr., Mitchell SE, Gardner TJ. Percutaneous
balloon valvuloplasty: A new method for treating congenital
Author contributions pulmonary-valve stenosis. New Engl J Med. 1982;307:540-542.
This is a single-authored article. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198208263070907

Ethical approval and consent to participate 7. Singer MI, Rowen M, Dorsey TJ. Transluminal aortic balloon
angioplasty for coarctation of the aorta in the newborn. Am
Not applicable. Heart J. 1982;103:131-132.

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