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Brain & Heart Mesenchymal cell therapy for heart disease

doses of allogeneic BM-MSCs in ischemic cardiopathy was that make them more potent therapeutic agents in
investigated in the TRIDENT trial. A transendocardial cell-based treatments. MSCs play the role of regulatory cells
injection of either 20 million or 100 million cells was that release mediating factors, promote growth factors, or
given at random to 30 individuals. In all groups, the scar entice cells to initiate restorative actions in injured tissues,
size decreased equally after a year of follow-up. There are in contrast to normal stem cells that mature into effector
inherent restrictions in clinical studies pertaining to cell cells. It is because they offer an “off-the-shelf” treatment
dose, delivery time, administration method, processing option allogeneic MSCs are especially interesting. In
of cells, and research follow-up. However, MSCs display addition, they also avoid some of the drawbacks of using
potential for reducing scar size, augmenting local blood autologous cells. In summary, a number of preclinical
flow and contraction, stimulating vasculogenesis, reducing investigations have yielded positive results. Nonetheless,
the effects of fibrosis in diseased tissue, and enhancing large-scale, carefully planned, randomized clinical trials
overall quality of life. 37 are necessary before MSC therapy can be used to treat the
global health problem of IHD. Regardless of its therapeutic
6. Challenges and controversies potential, stem cell biology is very promising.
surrounding MSC-based therapeutics for
cardiac diseases Acknowledgments
Some of the challenges involved in MSC-based therapeutics We thank Dr. Ramachandran M.S., M.Ch., TIRM-TMCH
include the likelihood of cardiac arrhythmia and the for inspiring and guiding us to conceptualize MSC research
differentiation of multipotent stem cells into undesirable in clinical application.
38
noncardiac cells after implantation into heart tissue. Funding
While MSCs can differentiate and mature into functional
endothelial and cardiac cells, validation of this ability in vivo None.
has yet to be completed, primarily due to the absence of Conflict of interest
specific cardiac markers for MSCs. When a patient has an
39
ischemic cardiac condition, the LVEF ranges from 2% to The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
4% and is not against the unique effects of the most widely
prescribed pharmacological treatments. Hence, there is an Author contributions
optimistic expectation that progress in stem cell therapy, Conceptualization: Venkatesh Subramanian, Merlin Sobia
encompassing abundant cell sources, refined delivery Poomani
techniques, and suitable preparation protocols, will propel Project administration: Venkatesh Subramanian,
cellular therapy for the treatment of CVD. 40 Krishnaveni Muthan
7. Future perspectives for MSC in cardiac Writing — original draft: Merlin Sobia Poomani, Senolin
Bindhia James, Varshini Radhakrishnan
diseases Writing — review & editing: Varshini Radhakrishnan,
Various sophisticated techniques have been introduced Senolin Bindhia James, Venkatesh Subramanian
to increase the efficacy of MSC. These approaches include Ethics approval and consent to participate
(i) improving engraftment potential through genetic
modification; (ii) in vitro preconditioning to stimulate Not applicable.
41
their differentiation; (iii) pre-treatment of MSCs with
42
growth factors or cytokines to enhance their paracrine Consent for publication
properties; 43,44 and (iv) enhancing the effectiveness of Not applicable.
cellular treatment of MI by facilitating MSC functional
changes in collaboration with the host cardiac muscle. 45,46 Availability of data
It is thus expected that further studies will demonstrate Not applicable.
the therapeutic potential of adult tissues’ MSCs for
ischemic MI. References

8. Conclusion 1. Sans S, Kesteloot H, Kromhout D. The burden of
cardiovascular diseases mortality in Europe: Task force
Mesenchymal cells have garnered considerable interest in of the European society of cardiology on cardiovascular
recent years due to their potential for the treatment of CVD. mortality and morbidity statistics in Europe. Eur Heart J.
As mentioned previously, MSCs have unique properties 1997;18(8):1231-1248.

Volume 2 Issue 1 (2024) 4 https://doi.org/10.36922/bh.2065