Page 67 - BH-2-1

Brain & Heart

MINI-REVIEW
Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem

cells and their mechanisms of regeneration for
cardiac diseases

1
1
Merlin Sobia Poomani , Varshini Radhakrishnan , Senolin Bindhia James ,
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Krishnaveni Muthan , and Venkatesh Subramanian *
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1
1 Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
2 Department of Animal Science, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Ischemic heart disease remains a major contributor to mortality and disability
despite significant advancements in traditional treatments. This threat underscores
the need for exploring innovative cell-based therapies. The analysis of various stem
and progenitor cells’ capacity to promote heart regeneration has led to encouraging
outcomes in preclinical and clinical experiments. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
have demonstrated the ability to contribute to heart regeneration through several
pathways, including differentiation from the mesoderm lineage, immunomodulatory
characteristics, and paracrine actions. In addition, their accessibility, maintenance,
and capacity to replenish endogenous stem cell niches render them appropriate for
*Corresponding author: cutting-edge research. This review outlines the robust mechanism underpinning
Venkatesh Subramanian MSC-based heart regeneration, presents the potential therapeutic uses of MSCs for
(venkatesh@msuniv.ac.in)
ischemic heart disease, and highlights some preclinical findings.
Citation: Poomani MS,
Radhakrishnan V, James SB,
Muthan K, Subramanian V. Keywords: Mesenchymal stem cells; Exosomes; Cardiac diseases; Clinical trials;
Therapeutic potential of Regeneration
mesenchymal stem cells and their
mechanisms of regeneration for
cardiac diseases. Brain & Heart.
2024;2(1):2065.
https://doi.org/10.36922/bh.2065 1. Introduction
Received: October 18, 2023
A cardiac disorder known as ischemic heart disease (IHD) is characterized by a decrease
Accepted: November 30, 2023 in the blood and oxygen flow in the heart. It is a major factor in cardiovascular diseases
Published Online: February 13, 2024 (CVDs) and may be the cause of myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure. Heart
failure is a condition that is on the rise and is prevalent in urbanized countries. MI
1
Copyright: © 2024 Author(s).
This is an Open-Access article results from insufficient oxygen supply to the cardiomyocytes, leading to a switch from
distributed under the terms of the mitochondrial aerobic respiration to anaerobic glycolysis, causing nutrient depletion
Creative Commons Attribution and reduced clearance of metabolic end products. Cardiomyocytes lose their function
License, permitting distribution,
2
and reproduction in any medium, and structure and are the primary cause of ischemic conditions and heart failure.
provided the original work is Cell-based therapy as a method of regenerative medicine is one of the most promising
properly cited. disciplines in medicine. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an optimal cell source for
Publisher’s Note: AccScience tissue regeneration due to their availability from sources such as bone marrow (BM),
Publishing remains neutral with fat, and synovium. They can differentiate into diverse cell lineages tailored to specific
regard to jurisdictional claims in 3
published maps and institutional biomedical needs. This review concentrates on the application of MSCs and their
affiliations. paracrine effects in MI to reverse dysfunction. The analysis also explores clinical studies

Volume 2 Issue 1 (2024) 1 https://doi.org/10.36922/bh.2065