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Design+ Designing future schools

of school systems, challenging ideas about where, how, and use spaces, community, and cultural space. Teaching
when learning occurs. AI is asking and will continue to spaces should include capacity for collegial planning and
ask questions about the role and authority of the teacher team teaching.
and the efficacy of traditional pedagogical practices. AI
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should now be added to the standard education equational 3.3. Personalized experience
factors of school environment, teacher and student. 33 There is a correlation between a school ecosystem model
The first major effect of AI on school-based education and the concept of personalizing learning. Personalizing
is related to teacher-directed learning, which remains a learning, drawing on sociocultural, pedagogical, and
significant pedagogical model in all schools. This approach cognitive perspectives, is a significant factor in student
is based on highly structured content with specific guided engagement and learning models in contemporary
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instruction, and regular assessment of skill or knowledge schools. It is based on the assumed capacity of students
gains. AI can efficiently replicate this using adaptive and for autonomous and self-regulated learning that can
interactive tools for diagnostic, formative, and summative be realized through flexibility in pedagogy, curriculum
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assessment, creation of content, resources, and practice/ and school organization. The personalized learning
application tasks, that can be differentiated for individual experience is supported and productively constrained
student capacity and learning preferences. Online through the relational agency of teachers and peers through
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learning platforms can replicate explicit teaching models in co-regulation and codesign of the learning process;
the areas of planning, assessment, resource/task creation, the school structuring of time and space and the context
monitoring and feedback. This includes the use of large and culture of a school are also influential factors on the
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language models (e.g., ChatGPT) in the areas of assessment, realization of this model. 40
content generation and knowledge representation. These The conditions for personalized learning to be effective
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can be used to effectively provide personalized learning include the organization of time and space to take
systems that augment or largely replace this significant advantage of the school ecosystem affordances and support
part of the teachers’ role. for team planning and teaching practices, and the strategic
Second, AI can also be applied to student-oriented use of digital technologies, such as AI for data harvesting
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learning, where students make meaning from experience and analysis – used as a basis for task differentiation. One
through active participation in their own learning. For scenario where this works might look like a large group of
example, project-based learning requires students to students and several teachers within an ecosystem made up
work collaboratively to develop a project response to of enclosed teaching spaces for teacher-directed learning,
a specific issue or problem. AI can monitor student small groups of students using varied space layouts and
work contribution, progress, and outcome assessment, furniture configurations for collaborative learning, multi-
allowing students to exercise autonomy and self- disciplinary project spaces, and breakout spaces for
regulation. This process is already present in schools in independent reading and small-scale social learning.
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the multidisciplinary Science, Technology, Engineering, Student well-being is now regarded as an important
and Mathematics programs. Design-based pedagogy asks condition for effective schooling. Well-being refers to
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students to design, build, test, and redesign/build, leading a positive state, and understanding of this amorphous
to a demand for technologically immersive environments concept includes life satisfaction, happiness, achieving
with tools, resources, and access to digital platforms. 38 a balanced life, reaching potential, being free and able to
As noted in Table 1, design implications for a make choices, engagement, and the pursuit of physical,
contemporary school ecosystem include spaces for project emotional and spiritual health. 43,44 Hence, well-being is
or maker spaces with storage/display for long-term a complex state to achieve within a school environment,
projects; arts, design thinking and innovation laboratories but can be theorized in terms of the level of satisfaction
to support cross-curricular pedagogies; support services with one’s environmental conditions, personal experience
offices and meeting rooms for student well-being; base and perception of belonging and connectedness, and
classrooms to have inherent flexibility to support diverse perceptions of personal happiness with relationships with
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and flexible teaching methods; break-out or project rooms peers and teacher.
for collaborative group work; multi-media spaces for a As outlined in Table 1, design responses to a
range of representation and communication modes; and personalized experience can incorporate spaces that are a
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incubators for student-oriented and local community part of a student-oriented culture. These spaces can be
business initiatives. The design and use of space include a designed to reflect student preferences and choices and be
number of different formal/structured and informal/multi- socially and flexibly understood as being open to multiple

Volume 1 Issue 1 (2024) 5 doi: 10.36922/dp.4131