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Explora: Environment
and Resource Sustainable urban park design

Table 1. Analysis of three studies examining the sustainability of urban parks in general
Study Aim Method Result
Yildizci and Determining quality criteria that The criteria were determined as activities and uses Comfort, image, security,
Yücel 23 effectively create a quality living (diversity), accessibility (legibility), comfort and image maintenance, and sociability were
environment for users in urban (security and maintenance), and sociability (sense effective criteria, and diversity was
parks. of ownership). The criteria were examined through ineffective. The differentiation in
surveys conducted with users in Maçka, Ulus, and sociodemographic characteristics
Zeytinburnu parks. The collected information was affected the perceptions of quality
subjected to a Chi-square significance test. criteria.
Ibes 22 Developing a vision for a sustainable The approach was applied to Phoenix, Arizona. A set The findings showed that
urban park system and a quantitative of quantitative variables reflecting sustainable parks multidimensional analysis of the
methodology that examines four were selected and calculated; size, particular facilities urban park system can provide a
key dimensions of sustainability and amenities, microclimate cooling, land cover, land more detailed understanding and
(physical, environmental, uses surrounding parks, neighborhood population data for sustainable urban park
socioeconomic, and built density, income, and ethnic mix. Descriptive statistics management and policy, as well as
environment) across the city-wide for variables and correlations between them were park planning and design.
urban park system investigated.
Dizdaroğlu 21 Contribution to making cities more The study systematically reviewed the relevant The study contributes to a
sustainable by developing a set of literature and determined 10 basic goals for comprehensive sustainable park
criteria for sustainable urban park the sustainable design of urban parks; green design. The proposed design criteria
design. infrastructure, place for people of all ages, connected provide a basis for transforming
park systems, water and energy, conservation urban parks into sustainable green
practices, access to fresh and healthy food, preserving spaces by promoting potential
biodiversity, environmental education, long-term improvements.
maintenance and management, and disaster resilience.

• Identification of 32 design elements that can contribute to
Literature review
sustainability of urban parks
• Evaluation of the importance of design elements on a 5 point
Survey study Likert-scale by 318 respondents

• Descriptive statistics on demographic characteristics of
participants and design elements
Descriptive and reliability analysis
• Calculation of IRI of design elements
• Reliability analysis of the scale
• Gathering 30 design elements under six factors
Factor analysis • Creating the sustainable urban park design model by naming
the factors appropriately

Case study • Examination of Altınpark through the created model

Discussion of results • Evaluation of the importance of the criteria based on literature

Figure 1. Methodology used in this study
Abbreviations: IRI: Index of relative importance.

criteria for park sustainability. Participants evaluated the majority of whom lived in Ankara. The sample size
the criteria using a 5-point Likert scale. Three hundred was determined based on recommendations from the
eighteen respondents, representing a diverse range of literature regarding the number of samples required for
demographic characteristics, participated in the survey. factor analysis. While various guidelines exist for sample
The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social size, a common recommendation is to have 3 to 20 times
Sciences 29.0. The surveys were administered either face- the number of variables or a sample size ranging from 100
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to-face or online, with all participants living in Turkey, to 1,000 participants. The 318 participants in this study
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Volume 2 Issue 1 (2025) 5 doi: 10.36922/eer.5839