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Explora: Environment
and Resource Sustainable urban park design

Table 7. Communalities explained by common factors
Item Extraction Item Extraction Item Extraction Item Extraction
1 0.482 9 0.533 17 0.514 25 0.601
2 0.505 10 0.514 18 0.670 26 0.671
3 0.592 11 0.471 19 0.526 27 0.682
4 0.659 12 0.517 20 0.541 28 0.691
5 0.641 13 0.513 21 0.517 29 0.516
6 0.636 14 0.665 22 0.600 30 0.604
7 0.644 15 0.597 23 0.500 31 0.724
8 0.730 16 0.576 24 0.538 32 0.739

Table 8. Total explained variance

Comp. Initial eigenvalues Extraction sums of sq. loadings Rotation sums of sq. loadings
Total % of var. Cum. % Total % of var. Cum. % Total % of var. Cum. %
1 10.682 33.383 33.383 10.682 33.383 33.383 4.932 15.414 15.414
2 2.137 6.679 40.062 2.137 6.679 40.062 4.241 13.253 28.667
3 1.955 6.111 46.172 1.955 6.111 46.172 3.084 9.638 38.305
4 1.470 4.593 50.765 1.470 4.593 50.765 2.522 7.883 46.187
5 1.268 3.962 54.727 1.268 3.962 54.727 2.186 6.830 53.017
6 1.205 3.767 58.494 1.205 3.767 58.494 1.752 5.476 58.494
7 0.997 3.115 61.609
….
32 0.172 0.536 100.000
Note: Extraction method: Principal component analysis.
Abbreviations: Comp: Component; Cum: Cumulative; sq: Squared; Var: Variance.

final rotated component matrix presented in Table 9. As outdoor amphitheaters, roller skating rinks, restaurants,
shown in Table 10, there are six factors explaining 60% of walking areas, fitness areas, children’s playgrounds, picnic
the total variance. areas, ponds and gardens, an Olympic-sized swimming
Naming the factors is a crucial step in the factor analysis pool, a mini golf course, horse backgammon, a senior
process. Factors are named by examining the variables that citizens’ clubhouse, a cultural center, henna and wedding
load onto them and identifying a common theme between halls, countryside cafes, sitting areas with gazebos, viewing
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the variables. The naming process is conducted carefully to terraces, and coastal pergolas.
accurately reflect the meaning intended to be conveyed by The examination of the park was conducted based on
the variables loading on the factor. Following this process, on-site observations, interviews with users and officials,
the factors were named and the model shown in Figure 2 academic studies on the park in the literature, and
was obtained. evaluations of park users on social media.

4.3. Examination of an urban park using the model 4.3.1. Management quality
The model was examined through Altinpark, a park in Altinpark was designed through a competition project
Ankara, the capital city of Turkey. The area of the park is and is managed by ANFA Ankara Altinpark İşletmeleri
640,000 m² and is composed of green spaces, pond areas, Ltd. Şti. Citizens can submit their opinions and requests
hard surfaces, children’s playgrounds, flower beds, shrub via the company’s website or by contacting the authorities
and soil areas, and various structures (Figure 3). It is home by phone. However, there is limited opportunity for social
to approximately 18,000 trees and 81,000 shrubs in the participation in the park’s governance. Studies indicate that
park. The park includes a fairground, a science center, Altinpark has increased real estate values in the region,
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indoor and outdoor sports facilities, outdoor and semi- and residents have expressed satisfaction with living near

Volume 2 Issue 1 (2025) 9 doi: 10.36922/eer.5839