Page 217 - EJMO-9-2

Eurasian Journal of
Medicine and Oncology Tetramethyl thyroxine boosts bladder cancer

serum T4 and T3 levels and decreased TSH levels, Science Foundation of China (92359202), National Key
exhibiting a hyperthyroidism-like hormonal state, Research and Development Program (2024YFC3405500),
which may affect multiple organ systems and indirectly “Open Competition to Select the Best Candidates”
participate in regulating the tumor microenvironment. Key Technology Program for Nucleic Acid Drugs of
For example, by altering immune cell activity, vascular NCTIB (NCTIB2022HS01016), and the Joint Project of
permeability, oxidative stress status, etc., all of which may Biomedical Translational Engineering Research Center of
promote the tumor development process. A systematic Beijing University of Chemical Technology-China-Japan
review and meta-analysis indicated an increased risk Friendship Hospital (XK2023-21).
of breast cancer in hyperthyroidism patients. In these
48
patients, THCA exhibited more aggressive behavior, Conflict of interest
with higher rates of local invasion and poor prognosis. 49 The authors declare that no commercial or financial

In summary, our study has revealed the tumor- conflicts of interest were identified in this research.
promoting role of T4 in BC. However, we also acknowledge
that T4 does not exhibit a tumor-promoting effect across all Author contributions
tumor types, especially when compared with T3, as there Conceptualization: Zhao Yang
are fundamental differences in their mechanisms of action Data curation: Wenjing Zhang, Rui Guo
and receptor dependency. Future research should further Formal analysis: Wenjing Zhang
explore the functional similarities and differences between Investigation: Wenjing Zhang
T4 and T3 in various cancer types; clarify their receptor- Methodology: Wenjing Zhang
mediated mechanisms; and investigate the correlation Resources: Wenjing Zhang, Zhao Yang
between thyroid function status and the occurrence, Software: Wenjing Zhang
progression, and prognosis of BC in clinical cohorts, to Validation: Wenjing Zhang
provide explanations with greater physiological relevance Visualization: Wenjing Zhang
and translational value. Writing–original draft: Wenjing Zhang, Zhao Yang
5. Conclusion Writing–editing & review: All authors

In summary, our initial in vitro experiments revealed Ethics approval and consent to participate
that T4 can promote the proliferation and migration of The ethical approval has been obtained from the ethical
BC cells while inhibiting their apoptosis. Subsequent committee member board of the Animal Care Review
in vivo experiments confirmed that increased serum Committee of the China-Japan Friendship Hospital and
concentrations of T4 in mice also promote the formation of conducted in accordance with its recommendations
BC tumor. Further mechanistic analysis indicated that T4 and ethical regulations. All experimental protocols
facilitates the progression of BC by binding to the integrin were approved by the ethical committee member board
receptor αV, which in turn influences the expression of of the Animal Care Review Committee of the China-
VEGF and TP53 (Figure 6). Japan Friendship Hospital. The mice were maintained
For the 1 time, we have demonstrated through both under standard conditions according to the institutional
st
in vivo and in vitro experiments that T4 can enhance the guidelines for animal care (Ethics code: 2021-42-K26).
development of BC and elucidate its molecular mechanism,
thereby laying the groundwork for improved prevention, Consent for publication
diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis assessment of this Not applicable.
disease.
Availability of data
Acknowledgments
The data that support the findings of the study are available
We are most grateful to Junying Jia (Institute of Biophysics, from the corresponding author by e-mail upon reasonable
Chinese Academy of Sciences) for his technical support in request.
flow cytometry.
References
Funding
1. Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, et al. Global cancer statistics
Funding was received for the research, authorship, and/ 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality
or publication of this article. This work was supported worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin.
by the Major Research Plan of the National Natural 2024;74(3):229-263.

Volume 9 Issue 2 (2025) 209 doi: 10.36922/EJMO025080037