Page 239 - EJMO-9-3

Eurasian Journal of
Medicine and Oncology ICU pharmacists and clinical outcomes

Figure 2. Forest plot comparing intensive care unit mortality rates between patients managed with and without critical care pharmacist involvement

Figure 3. Forest plot illustrating the effect of critical care pharmacist involvement on the rate of adverse drug events among intensive care unit patients,
compared to standard care without pharmacist participation

reported more pronounced improvements in mortality
and ADEs.

3.7. Summary of study characteristics
Detailed characteristics of the included studies are
presented in Table 2. Most studies were conducted in
tertiary academic centers, and the interventions typically
involved CCPs making direct pharmacotherapeutic
recommendations during interdisciplinary rounds.
Several studies also documented CCP contributions to
institutional policy development, formulary management,
and healthcare staff education, all of which may have
contributed to improved outcomes.
4. Discussion

This meta-analysis, involving 16 studies and 37,925
ICU patients, presents strong evidence that integrating
Figure 4. Funnel plot evaluating potential publication bias in mortality
outcomes CCPs into ICUs is significantly associated with reduced
Abbreviations: OR: Odds ratio; SE: Standard error mortality and a lower incidence of ADEs. The findings

Volume 9 Issue 3 (2025) 231 doi: 10.36922/EJMO025150116