Page 22 - GHES-3-3

Global Health Economics and
Sustainability
Sustainable therapeutic Artemisia

leaf therapy (ALT) for malaria and of its re-purposement Weathers, P.J. (2022). Artemisia extracts differ from
as an affordable cure for artemisinin-treatable illnesses. artemisinin effects on human hepatic CYP450s 2B6 and 3A4
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Improving malaria case management with artemisinin- & Kimani, F.T. (2019). Acute toxicity effect of Artemisia
based combination therapies and malaria rapid diagnostic
tests in private medicine retail outlets in sub-Saharan Africa: afra plant extracts on the liver, kidney, spleen and in vivo
A systematic review. PLoS One, 19(7):e0286718. antimalarial assay on Swiss Albino mice. Advances in
Bioscience and Bioengineering, 7(4):64-71.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286718
https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20190704.12
Gruessner, B.M., Cornet-Vernet, L., Desrosiers, M.R., Lutgen, P.,
Towler, M.J., & Weathers, P.J. (2019). It is not just artemisinin: Kellogg, J.J., Alonso, M.N., Jordan, R.T., Xiao, J., Cafiero, J.H.,
Artemisia sp. for treating diseases including malaria and Bush, T., et al. (2024). An O-methylflavone from Artemisia
schistosomiasis. Phytochemistry Reviews, 18(6):1509-1527. afra kills non-replicating hypoxic Mycobacterium
tuberculosis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 333:118500.
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Han, B., Kim, S.M., Nam, G.E., Kim, S.H., Park, S.J., Park, Y.K., et al.
(2020). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Khan, S., Ali, A., Ahmad, S., & Abdin, M.Z. (2015). Affordable
multi-centered clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and and rapid HPTLC method for the simultaneous analysis of
safety of Artemisia annua L. extract for improvement of liver artemisinin and its metabolite artemisinic acid in Artemisia
function. Clinical Nutrition Research, 9(4):258. annua L. Biomedical Chromatography, 29(10):1594-1603.
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Hsu, E. (2006). Reflections on the ‘discovery’ of the antimalarial Kiani, B.H., Alonso, M.N., Weathers, P.J., & Shell, S.S. (2023).
qinghao. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 61:666-670. Artemisia afra and Artemisia annua extracts have
bactericidal activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2006.02673.x in physiologically relevant carbon sources and hypoxia.
Hsu, E. (2013). How techniques of herbal drug preparation Pathogens, 12(2):227.
affect the therapeutic outcome: Reflections on Qinghao https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12020227
青蒿 (Herba Artemisiae annuae) in the history of the
Chinese materia medica. In: Artemisia annua-Pharmacology Kim, D.M., & Neiva, R. (2015). Periodontal soft tissue non-
and Biotechnology. Germany: Springer, p.1-7. root coverage procedures: A systematic review from the
AAP regeneration workshop. Journal of Periodontology,
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6-month extension study to investigate the safety and
efficacy of an extract of Artemisia annua for managing https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2015.130684
pain, stiffness and functional limitation associated with Lapkin, A.A., Plucinski, P.K., & Cutler, M. (2006). Comparative
osteoarthritis of the hip and knee. The New Zealand Medical assessment of technologies for extraction of artemisinin.
Journal, 129(1444):97-102. Journal of Natural Products, 69(11):1653-1664.
Ishengoma, D.S., Gosling, R., Martinez-Vega, R., Beshir, K.B., https://doi.org/10.1021/np060375j
Bailey, J.A., Chimumbwa, J., et al. (2024). Urgent action is
needed to confront artemisinin partial resistance in African Larson, S.A., Dolivo, D., & Dominko, T. (2018). Artesunate
malaria parasites. Nature Medicine, 30(7):1807-1808. antagonizes myofibroblast markers and fibrosis‐associated
extracellular matrix protein expression in human dermal
https://doi.org/10.1038/d41591-024-00028-y fibroblasts. The FASEB Journal, 32:660-667.
Islamuddin, M., Farooque, A., Dwarakanath, B., Sahal, D., & Larson, S.A., Dolivo, D.M., & Dominko, T. (2019). Artesunate
Afrin, F. (2012). Extracts of Artemisia annua leaves and seeds inhibits myofibroblast formation via induction of apoptosis and
mediate programmed cell death in Leishmania donovani. antagonism of pro‐fibrotic gene expression in human dermal
Journal of Medical Microbiology, 61(12):1709-1718.
fibroblasts. Cell Biology International, 43(11):1317-1322.
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Jansen, F., Jansen-Luts, A., Ameye, C., & Penali, L. (2006). Is Larson, T.R., Branigan, C., Harvey, D., Penfield, T., Bowles, D.,
artesunate or its active metabolite dihydroartemisinin being & Graham, I.A. (2013). A survey of artemisinic and
excreted in the milk of lactating mothers? American Journal dihydroartemisinic acid contents in glasshouse and global
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field-grown populations of the artemisinin-producing plant
Kane, N.F., Kiani, B.H., Desrosiers, M.R., Towler, M.J., & Artemisia annua L. Industrial Crops and Products, 45:1-6.

Volume 3 Issue 3 (2025) 14 https://doi.org/10.36922/ghes.4927