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Gene & Protein in Disease circRNAs and cancer

was associated with a poor prognosis for PC patients. activate glycolysis and promote cell growth in NSCLC cells
CircLDLRAD3 directly binds to miR-137-3p as a sponge (LDHA) . In addition, circRNAs such as circRNA 102231,
[86]
and promotes cellular multiplication, relocation, and circRNA 100146, circFARSA, and circPVT1 are elevated in
infiltration of PC cells through targeting pleiotrophin NSCLC and enhance the advancement of NSCLC [87-91] .
[78]
(PTN) . Chen et al. discovered 12,572 circRNAs in Therefore, these circRNAs may be employed as promising
the exosomes of irradiated human PC cells using RNA- diagnostic and prognostic indicators to identify LC.
sequencing analysis. There were 196 circRNAs that showed
varied expression and were connected to methylation. In 2.9. Prostate cancer (PCa)
addition, the upregulated gene hsa_circ_0002130 interacted PCa is among the main risk factors in males due to
with miR-4482-3p to enhance NBN expression, lowering cancer-related causes . A study conducted by Xia et al.
[92]
the survival rate in PC patients . Binding to miR-34b-5p, found 1021 circRNAs with differential expression (117
[79]
upregulating mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor, upregulated and 904 downregulated) in PCa tissues sample
and phosphorylating Akt, a new circRNA (circBFAR, and cell lines. Some circRNAs were overexpressed in PCa
hsa_circ_0009065) derived from exon 2 of the BFAR gene, tissues and connected to PCa pathogenesis, specifically
upregulated in 208 PDAC patients, was demonstrated to hsa_circ_0057558 and hsa_circ_0062019. While hsa_
[80]
accelerate PDAC cells progression (Ser 473) . CircFOXK2 circ_0062019 operates as a sponge for miR-5008-5p to
was upregulated in PDAC tissue samples according to control the folate level and the development of PCa,
another study. It stimulates Ankyrin 1 (ANK1), glial cell- hsa_circ_0057558 functions as a sponge for miR-6884-3p,
derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), paired box 6 (PAX6), thereby preventing lipid metabolism by supporting its
NUF2 component of NDC80 kinetochore complex downstream target genes . Moreover, downregulation
[93]
(NUF2), pyridoxal kinase (PDXK), Y-box-binding protein of hsa_circ_0004870 and its host gene, RBM39, in
1 (YBX1), and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K enzalutamide-resistant cells suggests that they play a
(hnRNPK) expression, as well as cell expansion, migratory critical role in the progression of castration-resistant PCa
property, and colony formation . that is resistant to enzalutamide . In addition, PCa tissues
[94]
[81]
and serum samples had higher levels of circFOXO3, and its
2.8. Lung cancer (LC) silencing prevented mitosis and promoted programmed cell
Most deaths resulting from cancer are attributable to LC death by acting as a reservoir for miR-29-3p and upregulated
worldwide. The development of LC can be controlled by the expression of SLC25A15 . Through bioinformatics
[95]
inappropriate circRNAs expression. In non-small-cell research, Wu et al. screened 60 circRNAs that were
LC (NSCLC) tissue samples, ciRS-7 was upregulated differentially expressed in PCa and healthy samples: One
and was associated with a higher TNM stage, lymph circRNA, hsa_cir_0024353, was downregulated; and two
node metastases, and a shorter overall survival time. circRNAs, hsa_circ_0031408 and hsa_circ_0085494, were
Overexpressed ciRS-7 inhibits miR-7, which causes found to be upregulated among the differentially expressed
the EGFR, CCNE1, and PIK3CD to be upregulated to circRNAs. These three circRNAs affect a number of
promote cellular proliferation and prevent LC apoptosis . metabolic processes, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase-
[82]
Hsa_circ_0012673 upregulates lung adenocarcinoma Akt, P53, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 . Another
[96]
(LAC) tissues compared to non-tumor tissues. The study discovered 749 circRNAs differentially expressed
hsa_circ_0012673 promotes LAC cell propagation by in PCa tumor and paracancerous tissues. Among them,
inhibiting the expression of miR-22 and targeting the 261 were upregulated in PCa tissues, whereas 487 were
erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (ErbB3) . Similarly, downregulated. According to analyses by KEGG pathways
[83]
increased expression of hsa_circ_0020123 in NSCLC and gene ontologies, numerous circRNAs are connected
tissues is connected to poor differentiation, lymph node to cancer development. The most significant alterations
metastases, and advanced TNM stage, all associated with among the differentially expressed circRNAs were in hsa_
malignancy. The inhibition of miR-144 and the increase circ_0033074 and hsa_circ_0016064 . Moreover, PCa
[97]
in the expression of ZEB1 and EZH2 encourages NSCLC cells proliferate and invade when circHIPK3 is upregulated
cell proliferation, migration, and invasion . CircAGFG1, and acts as a miR-339-3p sponge, while circRNA ITCH
[84]
another circRNA upregulated in NSCLC tissues, promotes works as a miR-17-5p sponge and slows PCa growth by
cell proliferation and metastasis by suppressing miR-203 increasing HOXB13 expression [98,99] .
and activating ZNF281 . The most current microarray
[85]
research shows that the highly expressed new circRNA, 2.10. Hematological malignancies
circSLC25A16 (hsa_circ_0018534), stimulates lactate Hematological malignancies are life-threatening cancers
dehydrogenase A and sponges miR-488-3p/HIF-1 to that originate from genetic and epigenetic abnormalities [100] .

Volume 1 Issue 2 (2022) 5 https://doi.org/10.36922/gpd.v1i2.138