Page 83 - GPD-1-2

Gene & Protein in Disease

REVIEW ARTICLE
A review of current diagnostic and treatment

methods for key aldosterone-related diseases

1,2
Sujuan Wang , Qiaohui Zhao , and Tianyun Wang *
1
2
1 Henan International Joint Laboratory of Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System,
Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
2 Zhengzhou Immuno Biotech Co., Ltd., Henan, China

Abstract

Aldosterone is a steroid hormone secreted from the adrenal cortex and metabolized
primarily in the kidneys. It promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion.
Most plasma aldosterone exists in free form, with a rapid turnover rate. The increased
in aldosterone in the body may lead to various metabolic diseases, such as primary
aldosteronism, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. The clinical detection methods
for aldosterone include radioimmunoassay, chemiluminescence immunoassay,
and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In addition
to addressing the issue of false negatives and false positives from cross-reaction in
immunoassays, the advantages of high-throughput detection are reflected through
the use of LC-MS/MS. Furthermore, there is also new progress in the development
of a related mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist, from spironolactone to
eplerenone, and to a third-generation MR antagonist, and finerenone, which has
been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration in 2021. The side
effects of spironolactone and eplerenone can be overcome by finerenone, and the
third-generation antagonist has shown significant effect in the treatment of chronic
*Corresponding author: kidney disease associated with Type 2 diabetes. In this paper, aldosterone-related
Tianyun Wang diseases, the clinical detection methods, and the corresponding treatment methods
(wtianyuncn@126.com)
are discussed.
Citation: Wang S, Zhao Q, Wang T,
2022, A review of current diagnostic
and treatment methods for key Keywords: Aldosterone; Primary aldosteronism; Liquid chromatography tandem mass
aldosterone-related diseases. Gene spectrometry; Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist
Protein Dis, 1(2):136.
https://doi.org/10.36922/gpd.v1i2.136
Received: June 15, 2022
Accepted: September 12, 2022
Published Online: October 3, 2022 1. Introduction
Copyright: © 2022 Author(s). Aldosterone (ALD), which was first discovered in the 1950s, is a mineralocorticoid
This is an Open Access article secreted by the adrenal cortex in the face of physiological stimuli, such as angiotensin
distributed under the terms of the
+
+
Creative Commons Attribution II. It can increase potassium ion (K ) levels and decrease sodium ion (Na ) levels in
License, permitting distribution, the plasma . In human kidneys, aldosterone is metabolized to dihydro and tetrahydro
[1]
and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is derivatives, and subsequently glucuronidated to form aldosterone 18β-glucuronide,
properly cited. which plays an important role in daily aldosterone clearance . Aldosterone not
[2]
Publisher’s Note: AccScience only regulates sodium-potassium balance in the body, but also blood pressure in the
Publishing remains neutral with extracellular space as well as in secondary hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes,
regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional cardiovascular diseases, and other diseases. Aldosterone has an independent pro-
affiliations. inflammatory effect, leading to varying degrees of damage to target organs, such as
Volume 1 Issue 2 (2022) 1 https://doi.org/10.36922/gpd.v1i2.136