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Gene & Protein in Disease Dunaliella salina & myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury

The upregulation of HO-1 and NQO1 can counteract Investigation: Yiru Zhang, Tingting Wang
excessive oxidative stress in myocardium caused by Methodology: Jingjing Song, Hongchao Li, Hanqi Shui
MIRI . The present study suggested that D. salina has Writing – original draft: Jingjing Song, Hongchao Li
[28]
protective effect against MIRI, which may potentially be Writing – review & editing: Jingxia Du
due to the enhancement of KEAP1/NRF2 endogenous
antioxidant function. Ethics approval and consent to participate
The JAK/STAT signaling pathway is vital in the This study was approved by the Animal Care and Ethics
progression of MIRI, especially in the treatment of Committee of Henan University of Science and Technology
inflammatory injuries. JAK-STAT signaling molecules bind (Licence number: SCXK 2021-0009) and in accordance
to specific nucleotide sequences in the promoter regions of with the guide for the care and use of laboratory animals of
cytokines and inflammatory cytokines (including IL-1β and National Institutes of Health Guidelines.
IL-6) to induce gene expression. The activated JAK catalyzes Consent for publication
tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor, thus providing a
binding site for the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain of STATs. Not applicable.
The phosphorylated STAT3 transferred from the cytoplasm
to the nucleus results in the release of proinflammatory Availability of data
factors [5,29,30] . Xu et al. reported that baicalin can substantially The original contributions presented in the study are
decrease the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 genes, and Zhang included in the article or Supplementary File. Further
et al. found that oxymatrine reduces myocardial damage by inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.
downregulating JAK2/STAT3 pathway and reducing IL-1β
and IL-6 release [5,31] . Similar to these studies, we found that References
the activation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway induced by I/R was 1. Kwon SP, Hwang BH, Park EH, et al., 2021, Nanoparticle-
inhibited after pretreatment with D. salina and the release of mediated blocking of excessive inflammation for prevention
IL-1β and IL-6 also reduced. of heart failure following myocardial infarction. Small, 17:
e2101207.
In conclusion, D. salina exerts potent protective effect
against MIRI, which may be related to the activation of 2. Wang J, Chen Z, Dai Q, et al., 2020, Intravenously delivered
KEAP1/NRF2 pathway and the inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 mesenchymal stem cells prevent microvascular obstruction
pathway, thus reducing inflammatory damage. The current formation after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
findings suggested that D. salina may serve as a candidate Basic Res Cardiol, 115: 40.
drug for MIRI. However, there are still some limitations to 3. Lieder HR, Braczko F, Gedik N, et al., 2021, Cardioprotection
the present study; for instance, it is unknown how D. salina by post-conditioning with exogenous triiodothyronine
regulates these signaling pathways and which components in isolated perfused rat hearts and isolated adult rat
of D. salina are responsible for them. Further studies are cardiomyocytes. Basic Res Cardiol, 116: 27.
needed to elaborate the exact composition and direct 4. Yadid M, Lind JU, Ardoña HAM, et al., 2020, Endothelial
targets of D. salina. extracellular vesicles contain protective proteins and rescue
ischemia-reperfusion injury in a human heart-on-chip. Sci
Acknowledgments Transl Med, 12: eaax8005.

None. 5. Xu M, Li X, Song L, 2020, Baicalin regulates macrophages
polarization and alleviates myocardial ischaemia/
Funding reperfusion injury via inhibiting JAK/STAT pathway. Pharm
Biol, 58: 655–663.
The present study was supported by the Henan Province 6. Ucar BU, Ucar G, Saha S, et al., 2021, Pharmacological
Scientific and Technology Research Project (Grant protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating
No. 222102310437, No. 222103810051). the Nrf2-Keap1-ARE signaling pathway. Antioxidants
(Basel), 10: 823.
Conflict of interest
7. Sugamura K, Keaney JF Jr., 2011, Reactive oxygen species in
The authors declare that they have no competing interests. cardiovascular disease. Free Radic Biol Med, 51: 978–992.
Author contributions 8. El-Baz F, Aly HF, Abd-Alla HI, 2020, The ameliorating
effect of carotenoid rich fraction extracted from Dunaliella
Conceptualization: Jingxia Du salina microalga against inflammation-associated cardiac
Formal analysis: Yibo Dong dysfunction in obese rats. Toxicol Rep, 7: 118–124.

Volume 2 Issue 2 (2023) 7 https://doi.org/10.36922/gpd.387