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Gene & Protein in Disease Stem cell-based antimicrobial therapy

and inflammation. It has been demonstrated, for instance, eradicate microbial agents without hurting host tissues by
that MSCs inhibit the function of T-cells, a key immune engineering stem cells to express AMPs or antibodies. For
cell that can cause tissue injury in autoimmune and instance, scientists have altered MSCs to express a synthetic
inflammatory diseases. By reducing the activity of these AMP that has been shown to successfully eradicate germs
cells, MSCs can aid in the prevention of tissue injury and both in vitro and in animal infection models. The AMP was
the promotion of tissue healing. effectively delivered to the bacterial cells by the modified
Stem cells have anti-inflammatory properties, but they MSCs, which enabled them to move to the infection site.
can also boost the host immune system and aid in infection Stem cells can be designed to specifically target
eradication. The cytokines and chemokines that draw infected host cells in addition to delivering antimicrobial
immune cells to the site of infection can be induced by stem agents to microbial cells directly. For instance, it has been
cells. For instance, it has been demonstrated that therapy demonstrated that MSCs move to the brain and particularly
with neural stem cells promotes recruitment of immune target inflamed blood arteries in animal models of bacterial
cells to the brain in animal models of viral infections, meningitis. The MSCs were able to lessen inflammation
thereby improving viral clearance. The immunomodulatory and encourage bacterial clearance by administering
effects of stem cells can, however, differ depending on the therapeutic medicines directly to the affected arteries .
[26]
type and stage of infection as well as the unique properties In addition, stem cells can be genetically modified to
of the stem cells being employed . To completely target particular cell-surface markers that are increased in
[22]
comprehend the immunomodulatory potential of stem response to infection. For instance, a protein that precisely
cells in the context of antimicrobial therapy, more study targets and attaches to inflamed arteries has been designed
is warranted. and incorporated into MSCs. In animal models of bacterial
Depending on their origin and ancestry, stem cells meningitis, the MSCs were able to increase bacterial
can differentiate into a variety of specialized cell types. clearance and lessen inflammation by accumulating in
[27]
Due to their capacity for differentiation, stem cells are these arteries . The release of antimicrobial drugs using
particularly attractive for the development of medications stem cells may be highly targeted and individualized. It may
that can specifically target and eliminate microbes. It has be possible to build cutting-edge and potent antimicrobial
been shown that MSCs can differentiate into macrophages, medicines that limit harm to host tissues by engineering
which are vital immune cells that can engulf and eliminate stem cells to express particular therapeutic molecules and
invasive infections . MSCs are capable of differentiating target specific cells or tissues damaged by infection.
[23]
into osteoblasts and chondrocytes, the two cell types that Stem cells possess distinct characteristics that render
can directly target microbes and assist in bone and cartilage them potentially valuable for conveying medicinal drugs
regeneration after infections. to particular regions of the body, including infected
[28]
It has been demonstrated that neural stem cells can sites . Through chemical signals, stem cells can be steered
develop into neurons that can fight viral infections in toward specific tissues or areas, and this quality can be
the brain. Neural stem cell transplantation has been exploited to direct them to infected regions. The concept
demonstrated in animal models of viral encephalitis to of utilizing stem cells, particularly MSCs, as conveyance
induce the development of new neurons that can specifically mechanisms for antimicrobial drugs is being investigated
target the virus and eradicate the infection. Stem cells can by scientists. This process entails loading the stem cells
be designed to distribute antimicrobial drugs to certain with antimicrobial drugs and then administering them to
sites in addition to their direct antimicrobial actions . the patient. Once present in the body, the stem cells can
[24]
It may be conceivable to develop a highly targeted and be directed to migrate toward the infected site due to the
localized therapy that may directly eradicate microbial presence of signals discharged by the infected tissue. The
agents without affecting host tissues by engineering stem stem cells can, then, discharge the antimicrobial drugs
cells to express AMPs or antibodies. The differentiation directly at the infected site, which can enhance the drug’s
capacity of stem cells might, however, change based on local concentration and efficacy.
their source and lineage as well as the particular properties
of the stem cells being used. To completely comprehend 3. Mechanisms of stem cell antimicrobial
the potential of stem cell differentiation in the context of activity
antimicrobial therapy, more study is required. Stem cells are capable of exhibiting direct antimicrobial
Stem cells may be used to deliver antimicrobial drugs to properties as a result of their capacity to differentiate
specific areas of the body . It may be possible to develop into distinct cell lineages that can specifically identify
[25]
a highly targeted and localized therapy that may directly and eliminate microbial pathogens. MSCs are capable

Volume 2 Issue 4 (2023) 4 https://doi.org/10.36922/gpd.1230