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Gene & Protein in Disease

REVIEW ARTICLE
The roles and mechanisms of ETS1 in

autoimmune diseases and cancers:
A comprehensive review

Kai-Cheng Gao 1,2† , Yu Zhao 1,2† , Jie Jia 1,2† , Dan Liang , Lin Xu , and
1,2
1
Yi-Qun Kuang *
1,2
1 Research Center for Clinical Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming,
Yunnan, China
2 Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Kunming Medical University,
Kunming, Yunnan, China

Abstract
E26 transformation-specific-1 (ETS1) is a founding member of the ETS transcription
factor family. This transcription factor is highly conserved in amino acid sequences
and highly expressed in many immune tissues, such as the thymus, spleen, and
lymph gland. ETS1 plays multiple regulatory roles in immune-related diseases
and acts as a transcriptional activator or inhibitor of many genes to regulate
immune cell differentiation, development, apoptosis, and tumor occurrence. The
expression level of ETS1 is correlated with disease severity. However, the molecular
mechanisms behind disease and tumor progression mediated by ETS1 have not
† These authors contributed equally
to this work. been fully elucidated. In addition, the therapeutic potential of ETS1 in clinical
treatment remains to be further explored. Here, we review and summarize the
*Corresponding author:
Yi-Qun Kuang molecular structure and functions of ETS1 and then focus on the roles of ETS1 in the
(kuangyiqun@kmmu.edu.cn) occurrence of autoimmune diseases and cancers. This review provides a reference
corroborating ETS1 as a potential therapeutic target for immune-related diseases
Citation: Gao KC, Zhao Y, Jia J, et
al., 2023, The roles and mechanisms and cancers.
of ETS1 in autoimmune diseases
and cancers: A comprehensive
review. Gene Protein Dis, 2(4): 2141. Keywords: ETS1; Autoimmune diseases; Cancer; Immunity
https://doi.org/10.36922/gpd.2141
Received: October 30, 2023
Accepted: December 14, 2023 1. Introduction
Published Online: December 26,
2023 E26 transformation-specific-1 (ETS1) is a member of the ETS transcription factor family
Copyright: © 2023 Author(s). and has a unique E26 transformation-specific (ETS) domain (DNA binding domain,
This is an Open-Access article DBD) composed of 85 amino acids. In humans, the ETS family members are encoded by
distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution 28 genes and play regulatory roles in cell survival, growth, proliferation, differentiation,
License, permitting distribution, angiogenesis, apoptosis, metastasis, and metabolisms [1,2] . Similar to EST1, ETS2 is also
and reproduction in any medium, one of the founding members of the ETS family and regulates transcription by binding
provided the original work is
properly cited. to ETS sequences. ETS1 shares a close resemblance to ETS2, in terms of their amino
Publisher’s Note: AccScience acid and structural domains, indicating that they have nearly identical DNA-binding
Publishing remains neutral with domains [2,3] . Friend leukemia integration 1 (FLI1) — another member of the ETS family
regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional — is located at close proximity to linked to ETS1 on the chromosome, and both genes
affiliations. are arranged in a head-to-head fashion [2,4] . Compared with other members of the ETS

Volume 2 Issue 4 (2023) 1 https://doi.org/10.36922/gpd.2141