Page 19 - GTM-2-2

Global Translational Medicine

REVIEW ARTICLE
Utility of cardiac biomarkers and biosensors for

diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction

Rupali Shinde , Isha Juwarwala , Vishal Modi , and Chandni V. Chandarana *
1
1
1
2
1 Department of Quality Assurance, SSR College of Pharmacy, Sayli, Silvassa, U.T. of Dadra Nagar
Haveli, 396230, India
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Swaminarayan Sanskar Pharmacy College, Zundal,
Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382421, India

Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the most prevalent condition that results in
sickness and death worldwide. An early and accurate diagnosis of AMI is critical
for prompt and appropriate treatment. Cardiac biomarkers, including myoglobin,
creatinine phosphokinase (CK), and cardiac troponins, have been widely used for AMI
diagnosis. More recently, new biomarkers such as heart-type fatty acid-binding protein
and matrix metalloproteinases have shown promise in improving AMI diagnosis. At
present, cardiac biomarkers and biosensors are used in the diagnosis and prognosis
of AMI. This review article gives information on cardiac biomarkers specific to AMI
and its diagnostic methods. These biomarkers have several advantages, including
their high specificity for cardiac injury and their sensitivity to even small extent of
cardiac damage. In addition, cardiac biomarkers can be used to assess the severity of
AMI and predict the risk of complications or mortality. Recently, biosensors that can
detect cardiac biomarkers in real time have been developed, allowing for an earlier
*Corresponding author: and more accurate diagnosis of AMI. The utility of cardiac biomarkers and biosensors
Chandni V. Chandarana
(chandnichandarana7343@gmail. in the diagnosis of AMI underscores the importance of early and accurate diagnosis
com) and treatment of this life-threatening condition.
Citation: Shinde R, Juwarwala I,
Modi V, et al., 2023, Utility of
cardiac biomarkers and biosensors Keywords: Acute myocardial infraction; Cardiac biomarker; Colorimetric; Electrochemical
for diagnosis of acute myocardial method; Aptamer
infarction. Global Transl Med, 2(2):
0403.
https://doi.org/10.36922/gtm.0403
Received: April 6, 2023 1. Introduction
Accepted: June 16, 2023
Published Online: June 28, 2023 Myocardial infarction or heart attack occurs when blood flow to part of the myocardium
[1]
Copyright: © 2023 Author(s). is reduced or completely interrupted . Myocardial infarction could be “silent” and
This is an Open Access article progress undetected, and that it can be catastrophic and result in sudden death due
distributed under the terms of the
[2]
Creative Commons Attribution to hemodynamic deterioration and a collapse of the blood vessels . Chest pain is the
License, permitting distribution, most typical symptom, with longer-lasting chest pain that occurs in the center or left
and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is side of the chest as well as discomfort that can spread from the shoulder to the arm or
properly cited. neck. Additional signs include shortness of breath, nausea, cold sweat, or exhaustion.
Publisher’s Note: AccScience The primary factor for coronary artery disease is myocardial infraction, and high blood
Publishing remains neutral with pressure, smoking, diabetes, overweight, high cholesterol, unhealthy diets, and excessive
regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional alcohol consumption are risk factors. According to the World Health Organization
[3]
affiliations. (WHO), myocardial infarction is the main cause of death and disability worldwide .

Volume 2 Issue 2 (2023) 1 https://doi.org/10.36922/gtm.0403