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Global Translational Medicine SLE patient underwent PD

A

B

Figure 4. Immunohistochemical staining in tumor tissues. (A) Immunohistochemical detection of CK19 (positive control), GZMB, and PRF1 in this case.
(B) Representative immunohistochemical staining of CK19 (positive control), GZMB, and PRF1 from the Human Protein Atlas database.
Abbreviations: GZMB: Granzyme B; PRF1: Perforin 1; CK19: Cytokeratin 19.
high incidence of complications often hinder its application a pivotal role in anti-tumor activities. Granzyme B, a
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in such patients. To our knowledge, this is the first report serine protease, promotes apoptosis of target cells through
comparing the tumor microenvironment in a patient with caspase activation and direct proteolysis of intracellular
this unique clinical background to that of others. substrates. PRF1 encodes perforin-1, a glycoprotein
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crucial to the immune system, which can insert into lipid
The most common concern for patients in this category
is the risk of post-operative infection. However, in this bilayer membranes, polymerize, and form structural and
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functional pores, allowing granzymes to enter target cells.
case, the use of prophylactic antibiotics and human gamma Perforin-1 deficient mice have been shown to be more
globulin successfully prevented severe infection. This susceptible to tumor development. Furthermore, previous
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suggests that the increased risk of infection can be limited
and effectively managed. Another common concern is studies have reported that higher expressions of GZMB and
21,22
whether the long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs PRF1 are related to better prognosis in various cancers.
might affect the tumor microenvironment and potentially It is important to acknowledge the limitations in our
limit anti-tumor immunity. In our analysis, we found report. First, our study is based on a single case, making
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that the profiles of infiltrating immune cells in this patient it impossible to generalize the findings to other patients.
were nearly identical to those observed in pancreatic Therefore, retrospective studies with larger patient cohorts
cancer patients from the TCGA and PACA-AU datasets. or prospective double-blind studies are needed to validate
It is noteworthy that the proportions of naïve B cells and these observations. Second, as a case report, statistical
CD4 memory-activated T cells in both the tumor tissue analysis was not feasible due to the insufficient data available
+
and lymph node of this patient exceeded the mean by for performing comparative analysis. In our study, we
more than one standard deviation compared to those in compared the single value from this case with the mean ±
the tumor tissues of patients in the TCGA and PACA-AU standard deviation of a cohort of patients, without achieving
datasets, as well as in the lymph nodes of patients in statistical significance. Finally, the evaluation of immune cell
the GSE103787 dataset. In addition, we conducted a infiltration was assessed using the CIBERSORT algorithm,
comparative analysis of specific cytotoxic markers between which should be further validated by other approaches,
this patient and those in publicly available datasets. Our such as flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry.
findings revealed that the expression levels of GZMB and
PRF1 in the tumor tissue and lymph node of this patient 4. Conclusion
were higher than the mean levels in the public datasets by The case demonstrates that a patient with SLE and a history
more than one standard deviation. GZMB and PRF1 are of renal transplantation can tolerate PD. The findings
widely recognized as markers of cytotoxic T cells, playing suggest that a unique tumor microenvironment may exist

Volume 3 Issue 3 (2024) 5 doi: 10.36922/gtm.2893