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Global Translational Medicine Parkinson’s: From cause to cure

balance) were markedly decreased. These results suggest Author contributions
that acupuncture therapy can improve gait stability and
postural balance in PD patients. 64 Conceptualization: All authors
Writing – original draft: Raxida Umar
The clinical effectiveness of acupuncture for PD has Writing – review & editing: Hao Lyu
been confirmed to some extent, although its mechanism
of action requires further in-depth study. Research in PD Ethics approval and consent to participate
mouse models has shown that acupuncture stimulation Not applicable.
affects melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)-
mediated reactive gliosis, providing a protective effect Consent for publication
on dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc. Furthermore, Not applicable.
acupuncture enhances glutamatergic synaptic plasticity
in the hippocampus. These changes collectively improve Availability of data
motor disorders and memory deficits in PD. Projections
from MCH neurons, specifically MCH LH/ZI→SNpc and Not applicable.
MCH LH→HPC , play major roles in alleviating motor disorders References
and memory deficits, respectively. Acupuncture treatment
65
shows promising potential in managing PD. Future 1. Zhu J, Cui Y, Zhang J, et al. Temporal trends in the
research should focus on elucidating the mechanisms of prevalence of Parkinson’s disease from 1980 to 2023:
acupuncture in PD therapy and developing personalized A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Healthy
Longev. 2024;5(7):e464-e479.
treatment strategies to enhance therapeutic outcomes.
doi: 10.1016/S2666-7568(24)00094-1
4. Conclusion 2. Simon DK, Tanner CM, Brundin P. Parkinson disease
As science and technology continue to advance across epidemiology, pathology, genetics, and pathophysiology.
generations, the treatment of PD is poised to explore new Clin Geriatr Med. 2020;36(1):1-12.
possibilities. With an increasing understanding of the doi: 10.1016/J.CGER.2019.08.002
pathogenesis of PD, future research is expected to focus 3. Dextera DT, Jenner P. Parkinson disease: From pathology
more on individualized treatment and precision medicine, to molecular disease mechanisms. Free Radic Biol Med.
aiming to develop personalized therapeutic strategies 2013;62:132-144.
tailored to the specific conditions of individual patients. In doi: 10.1016/J.FREERADBIOMED.2013.01.018
addition, advancements in gene-editing technologies and
stem cell therapies will likely expand the range of treatment 4. McGregor MM, Nelson AB. Circuit mechanisms of
options for PD. Parkinson’s disease. Neuron. 2019;101(6):1042-1056.
doi: 10.1016/J.NEURON.2019.03.004
In recent years, significant progress has been made in
the treatment of PD. A variety of approaches, including 5. Yan J, Zhang P, Tan J, et al. Cdk phosphorylation-
5
pharmacotherapy, surgical interventions, gene therapy, and induced SIRT nuclear translocation promotes the death
2
stem cell therapy, as well as rehabilitation and psychological of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease. NPJ
Parkinsons Dis. 2022;8(1):46.
support, have provided patients with a broader spectrum of
options. However, further in-depth research is essential to doi: 10.1038/S41531-022-00311-0
achieve the goals of personalized treatment and precision 6. Shen T, Cui G, Chen H, et al. TREM-1 mediates interaction
medicine, ultimately improving therapeutic outcomes and between substantia nigra microglia and peripheral
enhancing the quality of life for patients with PD. neutrophils. Neural Regen Res. 2024;19(6):1375-1384.
doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.385843
Acknowledgments
7. Chen G, Ahn EH, Kang SS, et al. UNC5C receptor proteolytic
None. cleavage by active AEP promotes dopaminergic neuronal
degeneration in Parkinson’s disease. Adv Sci (Weinh).
Funding 2022;9(7):e2103396.
None. doi: 10.1002/ADVS.202103396

Conflict of interest 8. Singh SS, Rai SN, Birla H, Zahra W, Rathore AS, Singh SP.
NF-κB-mediated neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease
The authors declare that they have no competing interests. and potential therapeutic effect of polyphenols. Neurotox

Volume 3 Issue 4 (2024) 9 doi: 10.36922/gtm.5082