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Global Translational Medicine

REVIEW ARTICLE
Senescence in cardiovascular diseases: Insights

into metabolic dysfunction in vascular cells

4
4
Ying Qu 1,2,3 , Anan Wang , Caihua Long , Qiuyue Gao 1,2,3 , and Baoqi Yu 1,2,3 *
1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical
University, Beijing, China
2 The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling-Related Diseases, Ministry of Education,
Beijing, China
3 Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
4 Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

Abstract

Senescence is an independent risk factor and plays a critical role in altering vascular
structure and functions. Reportedly, senescence accelerates pathological processes
and notably increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis,
which are the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Therefore, understanding
vascular senescence mechanisms is essential for controlling the increasing incidence
and mortality of cardiovascular diseases. This review highlights the progress in
research on the various mechanisms underlying the senescence of endothelial cells,
smooth muscle cells, and macrophages – such as stem cell senescence, metabolic
dysregulation, mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) impairment, and ferroptosis
*Corresponding author: – and summarizes various antisenescence strategies to target these mechanisms.
Βaoqi Yu
(baoqiyu@ccmu.edu.cn) Key interventions include restoration of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD /NADH) ratio and administration
+
Citation: Qu Y, Wang A, Long C, of metformin and acarbose to regulate blood glucose levels, which balances the
Gao Q, Yu B. Senescence in
cardiovascular diseases: Insights cellular energy and redox. Further, stem cell therapies, rapamycin administration,
into metabolic dysfunction in and melatonin supplementation demonstrate substantial potential. In addition,
vascular cells. Global Transl Med. exercise, dietary modification, and caloric restriction support senescence mitigation.
2024:3(4):4619.
doi: 10.36922/gtm.4619 These strategies illustrate the multifaceted nature of senescence and highlight the
potential of integrated therapeutic approaches to extend the health span and delay
Received: August 21, 2024
age-related diseases. This review provides a comprehensive summary of age-related
Accepted: October 14, 2024 metabolic pathways and explores promising antisenescence therapeutic strategies,
Published Online: November 21, thereby providing valuable insights into the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of
2024 senescence-related vascular diseases.
Copyright: © 2024 Author(s).
This is an Open-Access article
distributed under the terms of the Keywords: Senescence; Cardiovascular disease; Vascular disease; Metabolism; Stem cells
Creative Commons Attribution
License, permitting distribution,
and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is
properly cited. 1. Introduction
Publisher’s Note: AccScience Senescence represents a state of cell cycle arrest exhibited in all cells, tissues, organs, and
Publishing remains neutral with the entire organism. It constitutes an inevitable, time-dependent process that ultimately
regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional disrupts cellular homeostasis and limits the reparative capacity of cells for repairing,
affiliations. further leading to a generalized decrease in physiological functions throughout the body.

Volume 3 Issue 4 (2024) 1 doi: 10.36922/gtm.4619