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Global Translational Medicine

REVIEW ARTICLE
Sustainable innovations in biomedical materials: A

review of eco-friendly synthesis approaches

Narsimha Mamidi * and Jesús Fernando Flores Otero 2
1
1 Wisconsin Center for NanoBiosystems, School of Pharmacy, Wisconsin University-Madison,
Wisconsin, United States of America
2 Department of Chemistry and Nanotechnology, The School of Engineering and Science,
Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico

Abstract
In recent years, the biomedical field has witnessed significant advancements at
the intersection of technology and biology. Metallic, polymeric, and carbonaceous
materials have emerged as crucial components in developing and enhancing
cutting-edge technologies. The properties of these materials, such as particle size,
stability, and surface chemistry, are determined by their synthesis methods, which, in
turn, enable specific applications. These materials are primarily synthesized through
top-down and bottom-up techniques, each characterized by distinct preparation
conditions, precursor materials, and catalytic processes. However, conventional
synthesis methods often require substantial energy consumption, hazardous solvents,
and non-renewable precursors, leading to environmental concerns and long-term
costs. This review aims to provide an overview of the primary approaches and recent
efforts to optimize the production and preparation processes of nanomaterials
for biomedical applications. It addresses the advantages and limitations of green
*Corresponding author:
Narsimha Mamidi synthesis methods compared to traditional chemical and physical methods, offering
(narsimhachem06@gmail.com) an objective overview of green synthesis. In addition, it provides insights into the pre-
clinical and clinical statuses of various nanomaterials. These efforts aim to mitigate
Citation: Mamidi N, Otero JFF.
Sustainable innovations in the environmental impact of biomedical material synthesis by adopting eco-friendly
biomedical materials: A review of strategies, such as minimizing energy consumption, utilizing environmentally
eco-friendly synthesis approaches. friendly precursors, and embracing environmentally benign catalytic methodologies,
Global Transl Med. 2024:3(4):4698.
doi: 10.36922/gtm.4698 while still leveraging traditional techniques.
Received: August 29, 2024
Accepted: October 30, 2024 Keywords: Green synthesis; Biomedical applications; Nanomaterials; Eco-friendly
materials; Carbonaceous materials
Published Online: November 28,
2024
Copyright: © 2024 Author(s).
This is an Open-Access article 1. Introduction
distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution Biomedicine is a multidisciplinary field in the medical realm, featuring biological and
License, permitting distribution,
and reproduction in any medium, technological advances. It encompasses many applications such as drug delivery, tissue
provided the original work is engineering, prosthetics, and biotechnology. Metallic materials, ceramics, polymers,
1
properly cited. cells, and tissue are used in biomedical applications. However, the mechanical, chemical,
Publisher’s Note: AccScience and biological properties of these materials can be further improved or tuned by
Publishing remains neutral with changing the size and structure of said materials. Because of this, nanotechnology
regard to jurisdictional claims in 2
published maps and institutional has been proposed as an approach to control the previously mentioned properties.
affiliations. Nanotechnology is defined as the development of particles, materials, or molecular

Volume 3 Issue 4 (2024) 1 doi: 10.36922/gtm.4698