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Global Translational Medicine Eco-friendly biomedical materials: A review

cancer treatment, with sizes ranging between 43.3 and synthesis methods, these challenges must be addressed,
83.1 nm. Meanwhile, Fe₂O₃ NPs derived from Sageretia and efforts must be made to establish these methods as
135
thea extract exhibit antimicrobial, enzyme inhibition, and standard procedures.
antioxidant activities at a size of 29 nm. Polyurethane/
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graphene nanoplatelet (PU/GNp) nanocomposites, Acknowledgments
synthesized by in situ polymerization, were tested for The authors gratefully acknowledge Tecnologico de
biocompatibility through MTT assays, with GNp sizes Monterrey, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología
ranging from 35 to 56 nm. Ag NPs from Cucumis de México (CONACYT), and Sistema Nacional de
137
prophetarum extract demonstrated antibacterial and Investigadores (SNI). Narsimha Mamidi acknowledges the
antiproliferative activities against S. aureus and Salmonella University of Wisconisn-Madison, USA.
typhi, with a size of 90 nm. Carbon dots produced
138
through the chemical oxidation of GO and carbon nano- Funding
onions offer fluorescent properties suitable for biosensing None.
and bioimaging, sized between 3 and 6.4 nm. SWCNTs
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functionalized with curcumin through solvent evaporation Conflict of interest
serve as a curcumin delivery system, with additional
environmental applications and an approximate size of Narsimha Mamidi is an Editorial Board Member of this
170.4 nm. Finally, ZIF-8 Fe O /NAD ENF MOF was journal but was not in any way involved in the editorial
+
140
@
4
3
used for enzymatic cascade biotransformations. 141 and peer-review process conducted for this paper, directly
or indirectly. Separately, other authors declared that they
6. Future perspectives have no known competing financial interests or personal
relationships that could have influenced the work reported
Green synthesis methods for nanomaterials often in this paper.
involve extracting the desired material from a precursor
similar to traditional approaches. However, these green Author contributions
techniques typically yield lower outputs than conventional
methods, and it remains challenging to fully optimize Conceptualization: Narsimha Mamidi
each methodological aspect to ensure a wholly sustainable Writing – original draft: All authors
approach. In addition, traditional wet chemistry methods Writing – review & editing: Narsimha Mamidi
employ a continuous production process that aligns Ethics approval and consent to participate
well with scalable industrial applications, whereas green
synthesis is usually conducted in batch processes, posing Not applicable.
scalability limitations. Advancing green synthesis will
require further research to develop methodologies that Consent for publication
enhance efficiency and effectiveness, reduce environmental Not applicable.
impact, and maintain high performance. This research
should extend beyond the nanomaterials covered in this Availability of data
article to include ceramic nanoparticles, other MOFs, and Not applicable.
lipid-based, and polymeric nanoparticles, which could also
benefit from the methods discussed here. References

7. Conclusions 1. Ghadi R, Jain A, Khan W, Domb AJ. In: Ågren MS, editor.
Microparticulate Polymers and Hydrogels for Wound Healing.
The methods employed for the synthesis of nanomaterials Ch. 10. United Kingdom: Woodhead Publishing; 2016.
have traditionally had negative impacts on the environment; p. 203-25.
however, they can be fine-tuned to produce comparable doi: 10.1016/B978-1-78242-456-7.00010-6
results while minimizing their environmental impact. The
physical and chemical properties of the nanomaterials 2. McNamara K, Tofail SA. Nanoparticles in biomedical
presented for biomedical applications, as well as their applications. Adv Phys. 2017;2(1):54-88.
synthesis methods, can be manipulated to control their doi: 10.1080/23746149.2016.1254570
behavior and activity. Despite the potential benefits of 3. Hyman P. Bacteriophages and nanostructured materials. In:
green synthesis, it stays challenging with limitations such Laskin AI, Sariaslani S, Gadd GM, editors. In: Advances in
as low yield and difficulties in extracting raw materials Applied Microbiology. Ch. 3. United States: Academic Press;
from natural sources. To fully realize the potential of green 2012. p. 55-73.

Volume 3 Issue 4 (2024) 11 doi: 10.36922/gtm.4698