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Global Translational Medicine Eco-friendly biomedical materials: A review

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Figure 9. Schematic representation of biomedical applications of graphene. Reproduced from Priyadarsini et al. Copyright © 2018, The Author(s).

can encapsulate antigens or adjuvants, mimicking
pathogens and helping antigen presentation to
immune cells. Liposomal vaccines can improve the
stability and immunogenicity of antigens, leading to
better immune system activation and potentially more
effective protection against infectious diseases.
d) Imaging. Liposomes can be functionalized with
imaging agents, such as fluorescent dyes or contrast
agents, for various imaging techniques, including
optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),
and positron emission tomography (PET). These
liposomal formulations can enable targeted imaging
of specific tissues or cells, aiding in disease diagnosis
and monitoring treatment response.
e) Theranostics. Liposomes can combine therapeutic
and diagnostic functionalities, creating theranostic
platforms. By incorporating both therapeutic agents
Figure 10. Different biomedical applications of liposomes. Reproduced and imaging agents within the same liposomal
from Luiz et al. Copyright © 2023, The Author(s). formulation, these systems can simultaneously
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deliver therapy to target sites while providing real-
time imaging to monitor treatment efficacy. Thus,
it is worth noting that liposome technology is
b) Gene delivery. Liposomes offer a promising approach continuously evolving, and ongoing research aims to
for delivering genetic material, such as DNA or RNA, enhance their stability, improve targeting strategies,
into cells for gene therapy or genetic research. Cationic and explore novel applications in areas such as cancer
liposomes can interact with negatively charged nucleic treatment, infectious diseases, and regenerative
acids, forming lipoplexes that can be taken up by cells. medicine. Liposome preparation methods follow the
Liposomes protect the genetic material from degradation same concept: emulsification of lipids in an aqueous
and ease its intracellular delivery, allowing for potential medium. These methods include the thin-film method,
gene editing or gene expression modulation. which consists of the formation of a thin film of lipids
c) Vaccines. Liposomes have been used in vaccine in a rotary evaporator flask followed by hydration
development to enhance immune responses. They and removal of layer; the pro-liposome method
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Volume 3 Issue 4 (2024) 9 doi: 10.36922/gtm.4698