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International Journal of Bioprinting Macro and micro structure of a 3D-printed implant

5. Conclusion Availability of data
This study demonstrated that medical implants can be Not applicable.
designed by integrating macrotopology optimization and
microlattice design to provide adequate mechanical strength References
and an environment for bone ingrowth after surgery. By
employing this approach, the OWS for HTO can be designed 1. Sutradhar A, Park J, Carrau D, Miller MJ. Experimental
to incorporate fixation screws while featuring a crescent- validation of 3D printed patient-specific implants using
shaped cross-section. Additionally, a lattice structure can be digital image correlation and finite element analysis. Comput
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doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2014.06.002
favorable environment for bone ingrowth after surgery. Both
FE analysis and biomechanical fatigue tests confirmed that 2. Guoqing Z, Junxin L, Chengguang Z, Juanjuan X, Xiaoyu Z,
mechanical performance, including displacement difference Anmin W. Design optimization and manufacturing of bio-
between the tibia medial and lateral sides, maximum fixed tibial implants using 3D printing technology. J Mech
implant stress, and maximum OWS bone stress with lattice Behav Biomed Mater. 2021;117:104415.
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design, was more stable than the TP fixations in the HTO.
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trials can be planned and conducted to validate the practical design and processing of a 3D-printed high-performance
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the translation into clinical application. doi: 10.18063/ijb.v9i2.658
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Acknowledgments manufactured multi-morphology bone-like porous
scaffolds: Experiments and micro-computed tomography-
None. based finite element modeling approaches. Int J Biopring.
2022;8(3):556.
Funding doi: 10.18063/ijb.v8i3.556

This study was supported in part by NSTC project 5. Wang Z, Zhang M, Liu Z, et al. Biomimetic design strategy
112-2221-E-A49-009-MY3 and 111-2327-B-A49-006, of complex porous structure based on 3D printing Ti-6Al-
Taiwan. 4V scaffolds for enhanced osseointegration. Mater Des.
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Conflict of interest doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110721
6. Wang YT, Chang CM, Liu PH, Lin CL. Feasibility evaluation
The authors declare no conflicts of interest. of a new lattice for porous surface design in additive
manufacturing medical implants under interfacial tensile
Author contributions bonded testing. Addit Manuf. 2023;66:103455.
Conceptualization: Chih-Hwa Chen, Chun-Li Lin doi: 10.1016/j.addma.2023.103455
Formal analysis: Hsuan-Wen Wang, Kuan-Hao Chen, 7. Frosch S, Nüsse V, Frosch KH, Lehmann W, Buchhorn
Yu-Hui Zeng G. Osseointegration of 3D porous and solid Ti-6Al-4V
Investigation: Hsuan-Wen Wang, Kuan-Hao Chen, implants-narrow gap push-out testing and experimental
Yu-Hui Zeng setup considerations. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater.
Methodology: Hsuan-Wen Wang, Yu-Hui Zeng 2021;115:104282.
Writing – original draft: Hsuan-Wen Wang, Chih-Hwa doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104282
Chen, Chun-Li Lin 8. Chang B, Song W, Han T, et al. Influence of pore size of
Writing – review & editing: Chih-Hwa Chen, Chun-Li Lin porous titanium fabricated by vacuum diffusion bonding
of titanium meshes on cell penetration and bone ingrowth.
Ethics approval and consent to participate Acta Biomater. 2016;33:311-321.
doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.01.022
The medical image processing was conducted in accordance 9. Liu X, Chen Z, Gao Y, zhang J, Jin Z. High tibial osteotomy:
with a protocol approved by the Taipei Medical University review of techniques and biomechanics. J Healthc Eng.
Joint Institutional Review Board (TMU-JIRB) (Approval 2019;2019:8363128.
No.: N202006034). doi: 10.1155/2019/8363128

Consent for publication 10. Jang YW, Lim D, Seo H, Lee MC, Lee OS, Lee YS. Role of an
anatomically contoured plate and metal block for balanced
Not applicable. stability between the implant and lateral hinge in open-

Volume 10 Issue 1 (2024) 505 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.1584