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International Journal of Bioprinting Coronavirus-infected bioprinted intestine

Figure 5. Progress in bioprinting innovations toward developing bioprinted intestine-on-chip models in coronavirus research and drug evaluation. (A)
Utilization of bioprinting techniques for constructing high-throughput organ-on-chip platforms (reprinted under the terms of the Creative Commons
CC-BY license). (B) Bioprinting of cell-laden structure with bioink containing sensor nanoparticles (reprinted with permission granted by John Wiley &
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Sons). (C) One-step fabrication of cell-laden organ-on-chip featuring multiple cell types with multi-nozzle bioprinting (reprinted under the terms of the
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Creative Commons CC-BY license). 99

showcased that gentamicin mitigated shiga toxin-induced Given the intricacy and multifaceted considerations of
renal damage, while ciprofloxacin amplified such damage multi-organ systems, the throughput of these platforms
despite reduced infection levels in the intestine. varies based on their nature. Direct 3D printing of MOC
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Bioprinting technology has been harnessed to simulate platforms enables automated mass production, thereby
intricate interactions between multiple organs within elevating throughput. An illustrative example is the work by
organ-on-chip platforms. Skardal et al. pioneered the Lee et al., who achieved one-step fabrication of cell-laden
adaptation of bioprinting, utilizing organoid-laden bioinks organ-on-chip systems using extrusion-based bioprinting
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to mimic the interplay between the liver, heart, and lungs. equipped with multiple printing nozzles (Figure 5C).
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Their system encompassed separate organ modules, This innovative approach involved loading two distinct
interconnected through external devices and an intricate cell types into separate cartridges alongside bioinks, while
network of tubes. While modular strategies in multi- another cartridge held poly caprolactone for chip material.
organ systems allow individual organ analysis, the fusion This strategy facilitated concurrent cell seeding during
of organoids with organ-on-chip technology imparts chip fabrication. In the context of modular MOC, this
enhanced physiological relevance. Nonetheless, the creation technique allows the simultaneous creation of multiple
of distinct organ modules through separate bioprinting cell-laden organ modules, offering immense potential for
processes, along with the relatively large system size, posed replicating and studying multi-organ diseases induced by
hindrances to practical utility. Recent advancements have intestinal pathogens using MOC setups.
seen the fabrication of MOC platforms using various 3D Although bioprinted intestine models are undoubtedly
printing techniques, such as the DLP-SLA method. 96,97 promising, they come with notable challenges that need

Volume 10 Issue 2 (2024) 175 doi: 10.36922/ijb.1704