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International Journal of Bioprinting                                           3D bone: Current & future




            Table 6. 3D-bioprinted bone in vivo experiments
             Experiment                        Materials              Cells           Printing      Reference
                                                                                      technique
             3D-printed Ch/MSC-laden grafts consisting of   Alginate  hMSCs; hChs     DIW           99
             alginate and BCP transplanted into female nude
             mice
             3D-printed β-TCP scaffolds implanted into rats  β-TCP; pluronic  Primary bone marrow  Unspecified  100
                                                                      MSCs
             3D-bioprinted PCL-reinforced gene-activated   RGD-γ-irradiated alginate and   hMSCs  FDM  101
             bioinks for bone tissue engineering  nHA complexed to pDNA; PCL
             Nanoclay-based 3D-printed scaffolds implanted   Alginate-methylcellulose bioink  hBMSCs; HUVECs  Extrusion-based  102
             into nude mice
             Calvarial defect model in DM rats  GelMA; gelatin; PEG; MSNs  BMSCs      DIW           103
             Calvarial bone reconstruction in rats  PCL; TCP; unspecified hydrogel   hAFSCs  DIW    104
                                               components
             Pre-vascularized bone tissue implanted into mice  Fibrin; gelatin; HA; glycerol;   HUVECs; ASCs  DIW  105
                                               hydroxyapatite; VEGF; bFGF;
                                               aprotinin
             Porous bioprinted constructs in BMP-2 nonviral   Alginate  MG-63 cells; goat   DIW     106
             gene therapy for bone tissue engineering in the          MSCs
             dorsal pockets of mice
             Critical-size rat calvarial defect treatment with   ECM; amorphous magnesium   DPSCs  Inkjet   107
             ECM/magnesium phosphate-based 3D-printed   phosphate
             craniomaxillofacial bone tissue
             In vivo tibia repair and ectopic osteoinduction   PEGDA; Laponite XLG   ROBs  DIW      108
             experiments                       nanoclay; HA sodium salt
             Hyperelastic bone scaffolds with MSCs implants in   Hyperelastic bone  MSCs  DIW       55
             mouse and rat
             Bilateral calvarial bone defect in mice  Collagen; HA nanoparticles  Mesenchymal stromal   LAB  109
                                                                      cells
             Subcutaneous implantation in mice  Alginate; gelatin; collagen  DPSCs    DIW           110
             Chitosan-based scaffolds implanted in nude mice   Chitosan; SiO nanoparticles  Human osteoblasts  111
                                                        2
             for osteogenesis and vascularization
             Calcium phosphate scaffold seeded with MSCs in   Calcium phosphate paste  Rat MSCs  DIW  112
             rats
             β-TCP-seeded MSC and HUVEC scaffolds in rats  β-TCP      Mouse bone MSCs;   DIW        113
                                                                      HUVECs
             Pre-vascularized PCL-hydrogel-cell 3D-printed   PCL; fibrin; modified alginate;   HUVECs; hBMSCs  DIW  114
             bone implanted into rats          GelMA
             Hybrid scaffolds with HUVECs and MSCs   PCL; fibrin      HUVECs; hMSCs   Extrusion-based  115
             implanted into rats
             Micro-channeled MSC-GelMA scaffolds implanted   GelMA; pluronic  MSCs    DIW           116
             into rats

            Abbreviations: ASC: Adipose-derived stem cell; BCP: Biphasic calcium phosphate particle; bFGF: Basic fibroblast growth factor; BMP-2: Bone
            morphogenetic protein 2; BMSCs: Bone marrow stromal cells; DIW: Direct ink writing; DM: Diabetes mellitus; DPSC: Dental pulp stem cells; ECM:
            Extracellular matrix; FDM: Fused deposition modeling; GelMA: Gelatin methacryloyl; HA: Hyaluronic acid; hAFSCs: Human amniotic fluid stem cells;
            hBMSC: Human bone marrow stromal cells; hChs: Human articular chondrocytes; hMSC: Human mesenchymal stem cell; HUVECs: Human umbilical
            vein endothelial cells; LAB: Laser-assisted bioprinting; MSC: Mesenchymal stem cell; MSN: Mesoporous silica nanoparticles; nHA: Nanohydroxyapatite;
            PCL: Polycaprolactone; pDNA: Plasmid DNA; PEG: Polyethylene glycol; PEGDA: Polyethylene glycol diacrylate; RGD: Radiation generating device;
            ROBs: Rat osteoblasts; TCP: Tricalcium phosphate; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor.



            Volume 10 Issue 3 (2024)                       164                                doi: 10.36922/ijb.2056
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