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International Journal of Bioprinting Optimizing 3D-printed mouthguards

Figure 9. Arrival time of maximal impact force (MIF-t) run chart for single-layer and double-layer additively manufactured samples according to different
hardness of materials. Abbreviations: A, single-layer Agilus or/and Vero composites MG samples; D-A, double-layer MG samples without layer D-ABS,
inlayer Agilus, or/and Vero composites.

Figure 10. Occlusal surface cracks of MGs under fatigue tests. Occlusal view of single-layer additively manufactured MG samples in 1000th fatigue test (A);
occlusal view of single-layer additively manufactured MG samples in 5000th fatigue test (B). Insets show three enlarged images.

after a period of cycle-loading fatigue testing (P = 0.011) manufactured MGs. Thus, this study examines the possibility
(Table 6). of improving shock-absorbing ability and durability.
Additionally, previous studies conducted fused deposition
4. Discussion modeling (FDM), a process in which filaments are fed

Most existing articles mainly focus on the digital design and through a heated extruder head of a printer. 16,17 Despite its
3D printing processes of additively manufactured sports widespread use, FDM may not provide the precision and
MGs or the physical performance testing of these materials. smoothness of surface required for applications such as
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So far, sports MGs have mainly been examined for their dental devices. This paper describes the first study that
shock absorption property; in additively manufactured emphasizes the digital design for sports MGs, prioritizing
MGs, durability is insufficient compared to conventionally patient comfort and utilizing the Polyjet process that covers

Volume 10 Issue 3 (2024) 388 doi: 10.36922/ijb.2469