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International Journal of Bioprinting 3D printing microgroove nerve conduits

Figure 9. (a) Orientation angle of elongated SH-SY5Y cells on PCL thin films; (b) orientation angle of elongated SH-SY5Y cells on PCL/PLA thin films; (c)
percentage of elongated SH-SY5Y cells; and (d) the length/width ratio of elongated SH-SY5Y cells on thin films.

to the cells, initiating multiple cellular events, and providing higher attachment and proliferation on PCL/PLA films
contact guidance. 20,21 The contact guidance can regulate than PCL. Mobasseri et al. showed that adipose-derived
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cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, morphology, stem cells (ASCs), differentiated toward a Schwann cell
and migration. The proliferation and directional growth of phenotype, preferentially aligned along ~20 µm wide
cells on the PµSL-casted microgroove films observed in this microgrooves in PCL/PLA films, and that proliferation
study is consistent with other studies, and microgrooved declined in flat films. Pardo-Figuerez et al. showed
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NGCs were demonstrated to have higher performance that, in chemical patterning of cell-repulsive polymers
compared to unpatterned NGCs. 9,27,31-33 to fabricate varying gap sizes, smaller patterns (20 µm)
This study demonstrates that microgroove dimensions promoted SH-SY5Y attachment and neurite extension,
between 10 and 25 µm are preferable for promoting SH- as compared to larger patterns (50, 75, and 100 µm). A
SY5Y proliferation and alignment. Additionally, PCL/ similar phenomenon for neurite alignment and elongation
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PLA films show higher cell proliferation potentially was observed by Nam et al. Klein et al. investigated
due to the more hydrophilic and smoother surface. The small microgrooves (5, 8, 10, and 20 µm) and found that
largest microgroove width, 30 µm, has a relatively lower single SH-SY5Y cells could elongate in 5, 8, and 10 µm
proliferation and cell elongation, although not significant, microgrooves, but double lines of elongated cells appeared
and a large number of cell clusters. This is possibly due to in 20 µm microgrooves. Additionally, studies by Miller
the size of the smaller grooves being closer to the size of et al. 23,38 have indicated that microgrooves with a width
the SH-SY5Y cell body (~12 µm); therefore, cells tend to interval of 10–20 µm are the ideal size for Schwann cell
be restricted within the grooves, and axonal outgrowth is attachment and alignment.
directed along the grooves, limiting axonal branching. The films investigated in this study were not treated
The observations made in this study agree with several chemically or with bioadhesion molecules, and the
studies. 24,29,34-36 For example, Sun et al. demonstrated only engineered guidance cues were the microgroove
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alignment of NG108-15 cells on microgroove films with topography. Thus, further studies are warranted to develop

Volume 10 Issue 3 (2024) 503 doi: 10.36922/ijb.2725