Page 75 - IJB-10-3

International Journal of Bioprinting 3D printing technology in neurotrauma

proper bioinks for SLA-based 3D printing due to special nerve repair. For example, microgel with sustained drug
photocuring characteristics of printed biomaterials, and release can be prepared by the DLP method. In addition,
possible cytotoxicity of photoinitiator and uncured resin. cells can be printed into microgel with high survival
and proliferation. This approach offers a compelling
81
2.2.4. Digital light processing alternative to conventional methods for the neurotrauma.
Digital light processing (DLP) is an advanced 3D printing In summary, the DLP technology has garnered significant
technology that utilizes digital micromirror devices attention due to its precision, speed, and versatility, finding
(DMD) to construct 3D objects by selectively solidifying applications across fields of the neurotrauma. Nonetheless,
light-sensitive polymers or other materials in a layer-by- it has limitations, such as material compatibility and
layer fashion. The object is systematically built layer by potential requirements for post-processing.
79
layer, with each layer solidified by the DMD projecting a
2D image of the desired cross-section onto the liquid resin. 3. Three-dimensional printing strategies for
When exposed to the light pattern, the photopolymer
undergoes solidification, resulting in the formation neurotrauma treatment
of that specific layer of the object. After each layer is External intervention is usually required to repair the
solidified, the build platform incrementally moves upward, damage following neurotrauma. Current 3D printing
creating space for the subsequent layer. This process strategies for neurotrauma treatment mainly include
iterates until the entire 3D structure is fully realized. biomaterials, physical regulation, bioactive substances,
DLP technology boasts numerous advantages, including and cell transplantation. 3D printing can prepare
rapid production, high precision, no artificial interfaces, corresponding bulk hydrogels, microspheres, conduits, or
absence of nozzles, and suitability for crafting intricate microneedles to treat neurotrauma in combination with the
structures. DLP technology shows great promise in the above strategies. Figure 2 summarizes current 3D printing
neurotrauma. On the one hand, DLP technology enables strategies for neurotrauma treatment. Besides, Tables 2
the customization of patient-specific constructs with finely and 3 list the detailed studies related to 3D printing for
tuned structures. Its ability to create intricate hierarchal neurotrauma treatment.
branched geometries and achieve printing resolutions
as fine as 1 μm represents a significant advancement in 3.1. Biomaterials
bioprinting technology. On the other hand, DLP can be Biomaterials can bridge damaged areas of the nervous
80
leveraged to create constructs that integrate nanoparticles system, promote axon extension and cell migration, and
and drugs, facilitating sustained drug release to enhance be used as carriers of neurotrophic or regulatory drugs.

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of various treatment strategies for neurotrauma using 3D printing technology. Strategies such as biomaterial, physical
regulation, bioactive substance, and cell transplantation are combined with various constructs of 3D printing from different angles to treat neurotrauma.
At the same time, combinations of these strategies are increasingly common. The figure is generated with BioRender.com.

Volume 10 Issue 3 (2024) 67 doi: 10.36922/ijb.2311