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International Journal of Bioprinting 3D printing technology in neurotrauma

Figure 1. The principles of various 3D printing and bioprinting methods used for neurotrauma treatment.

3D printing technologies like inkjet 3D printing, which fiber deposition is poorly controlled with conventional
can affect the fabrication of intricate neural structures. electrospinning (FFES) techniques, inevitably resulting
Complex FDM designs may require additional support in random pore distribution and morphology. 47,48 In
structures, which can be challenging to remove without comparison, NFES can produce aligned and patterned
damaging delicate neural structures. fibers by eliminating irregular movement of the nozzle,
which has more advantages in scaffold design. NFES
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2.1.2. Near-field electrospinning technology has been applied to neurotrauma. The near-
Near-field electrospinning (NFES) is a micro- or nanofiber field direct-writing melt electrospinning involves heating
production technology based on jetting molten polymer and melting a polymer, then precisely ejecting it through
or polymer solution. Sun et al. designed the NFES device a fine nozzle while an electrical field is applied. The
46
for the first time, which has the characteristics of high result is the deposition of nanofibers onto a substrate
precision and high resolution. The NFES setup includes with high precision and control, making it particularly
47
a high-voltage power supply, nozzle, and collector, similar suitable for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
to conventional far-field electrospinning setups. However, applications. Zhao et al. used this technology to make

Volume 10 Issue 3 (2024) 64 doi: 10.36922/ijb.2311