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International Journal of Bioprinting 3D printing innovations against infection

of 3D-printed anti-infection materials within the medical materials and shapes. The fundamental concept involves
domain, along with the application of novel materials. the meticulous printing of antibiotics, nanoparticles, cells,
and other biomaterial structures onto substrates, utilizing
2. Research progress in 3D printing specialized printing systems tailored to the requirements
technology for anti-infection materials of bionic morphology, organismal function, and cellular
microenvironment. Fused deposition modeling (FDM,
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3D printing is a specialized form of additive manufacturing Figure 1A), stereolithography (SLA, Figure 1B) technique,
(AM), which constructs objects by building up material digital light processing (DLP, Figure 1C), inkjet-based
layer-by-layer. 3D printing is one of the main techniques bioprinting (Figure 1D), extrusion-based bioprinting
in additive manufacturing, through which material is (Figure 1E), and laser-assisted bioprinting (Figure 1F)
added layer-by-layer based on a digital model, resulting have emerged as the principal technologies for 3D printing
in a concrete object. Advanced 3D printing technologies antimicrobial materials and evaluating their efficacy in
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and bioink materials are currently under extensive mitigating infection-related diseases. Each bioprinting
research and development to facilitate the generation system produces 3D structures with high fidelity through
of a diversity of 3D anti-infection devices using various computer-aided design (CAD) and manufacturing, and

Figure 1. Three-dimensional bioprinting technologies for anti-infection materials. (A) Fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique can be used to melt
and extrude thermoplastic filaments layer by layer for printing of a heat-stable 3D object with antibiotics. (B) Stereolithography (SLA) technique uses a
laser to solidify a liquid resin into a solid object mixed with antibiotics and create a 3D structure layer by layer. (C) Digital light processing (DLP) technique
can project a pattern of light onto a photosensitive resin to solidify it layer by layer and build a 3D object, which is restricted to antibiotics and biomaterials
that can be photocured. (D) Inkjet-based bioprinting technology can be utilized for printing a 3D object with antibiotics by heating or piezoelectric to
form droplets of cell-containing bioink. (E) Extrusion-based bioprinting technology relies on continuous dispensing of bioink in printing 3D antimicrobial
material through a nozzle controlled by a computerized robotic arm. (F) Laser-based bioprinting technology relies on a focused laser pulse in creating a
bubble and shock waves to generate a 3D structure. Reproduced with permission from ref. .
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Volume 10 Issue 4 (2024) 125 doi: 10.36922/ijb.2338