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International Journal of Bioprinting Embedded bioprinting of cartilage

Figure 5. Images, compressive modulus, and cell activities of the bioprinted cartilage. (a) Images of the bioprinted zonally stratified cartilage after extracting
from the support bath (a1) and placing in DPBS (a2), demonstrating excellent structural integrity. (b) Compressive modulus of bioprinted cartilage
constructs in different groups after 2 days of culture. (c) Fluorescence images of LIVE/DEAD staining of constructs in Groups 1 (c1) and 2 (c2) on day 3.
(d) Cell viability in the two groups on days 3 and 7 (n = 3). (e) Cell proliferation rate in the two groups on days 3 and 7 (n = 3; *p < 0.05). (f) Fluorescence
images of cytoskeletal staining in groups 1 (f1) and 2 (f2) on day 7. Scale bars: 5 mm (a1 and a2); 600 µm (c1, c2, f1, and f2); 200 µm (f1 and f2, inset).

to 90% in two groups on both days 3 (89.9 ± 0.1% and indicating that the biofabrication process is not fatal to
89.4 ± 0.2% for Groups 1 and 2, respectively) and 7 (88.8 cells (Figure 5d). In addition, gaps among fibers gradually
± 0.1% and 90.3 ± 0.1% for Groups 1 and 2, respectively), become invisible during culture, likely because the cells

Volume 10 Issue 4 (2024) 486 doi: 10.36922/ijb.3520