Page 87 - IJB-5-1

Rodriguez-Salvador and Ruiz-Cantu
Table 4. Global trend: The study of scaffolds’ functional characteristics
Article Institution/Country Description
Kim et al. (2018) “In vivo Korea Institute of In vivo studies are primordial for studying the performance of scaffolds inside the body. In this
[38]
evaluation of 3D Printed Machinery and Materials study, 3D printed PCL scaffolds are implanted to evaluate the effect in bone augmentation of
PCL scaffold combined with Korea Seoul National two different lattice designs and the addition of β-TCP
β-TCP for alveolar bone University Bundang
augmentation.” Hospital Seoul
Do et al. (2015) [31] University of Iowa USA 3D printing can mimic the ECM by producing scaffolds with a high degree of complexity,
“3D Printing of Scaffolds where fine details can be included at a micro level. The criteria for printing viable and
for Tissue Regeneration functional scaffolds, scaffolding materials and 3D printing technologies are assessed. Scaffolds
Applications” should mimic ECM characteristics in terms of biological activity, mechanical strength,
processability, and controllable degradation rates. Moreover, it is important to determine the
inflammatory effect of the biomaterial(s) used and the scaffold structure designed to produce
the desired tissue. Porosity, layer configuration, mechanical properties, and morphology are
also characteristics to consider.
Bencherif et al. “advances Harvard University USA Pore size and porosity are crucial when designing scaffolds in the tissue engineering domain as
[39]
in the design of macroporous École Polytechnique they influence tissue production and function. This includes cell distribution, interconnection
polymer scaffolds for Fédérale de Lausanne throughout engineered tissues, and diffusion of nutrients and oxygen, specifically in the
potential applications in Switzerland absence of a functional vascular system. 3D nano-fibrous gelatine/silica bioactive glass
dentistry” hybrid scaffolds that mimic the nanostructured architecture and chemical composition of
a dental ECM are applied to improve odontogenic differentiation and biomineralization of
human dental pulp stem cells
ECM: Extracellular matrix, PCL: Polycaprolactone, PLA: Polylactic acid, β TCP: Beta-tricalcium phosphate, 3D: Three-dimensional

new applications. 3D printing is an emerging field that complex. Finally, it was also determined that biphasic
has gained the attention of the academic community and multiphasic structures are able to mimic closely the
and industries such as automotive, aerospace, and more microenvironment of cells of the periodontium complex
recently health. Although the initial efforts of 3D printing and promote regeneration of the different tissues.
were focused on prototyping, new applications are being The current research adds value to the understanding
investigated, specifically those that deal with the human of the emerging incursion of 3D bioprinting on dental
body, where there are challenges extremely complex. Oral applications. Moreover, the insights obtained can
diseases and tooth loss represent one of the most prevalent contribute to those who are involved in R&D and who
health problems. Overcoming the drawbacks that are interested in finding opportunities to innovate through
conventional procedures have, 3D bioprinting brings new radical technologies such as 3D bioprinting.
solutions that could help restore and regenerate tissue and
alveolar bone. In this research, a Competitive Technology References
Intelligence methodology was applied; insights revealed 1. Rodríguez-Salvador M, Rio-Belver RM, Garechana-
that recent S&T efforts in 3D bioprinting in dentistry are
focused on developing scaffolds, the analysis of natural Anacabe G, 2017, Scientometric and patentometric analyses
and synthetic biomaterials needed for their creation and to determine the knowledge landscape in innovative
the improvement of their characteristics. In addition, it technologies: The case of 3D bioprinting. PLoS One, 12(6):
was also found that a large part of the research in the field e0180375. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180375.
involves the assessment of the interaction and behavior of 2. Trappey A J, Trappey C V, Lee K L, 2017, Tracing the evolution
the cellular component with the materials and scaffolds of biomedical 3d printing technology using ontology-based
microstructure. patent concept analysis. Technol Anal Strateg Manag, 29: 339-
Most of the studies agreed that controlling the
biophysical properties and microstructure of the scaffolds 352. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2016.1211267.
is necessary to reproduce the periodontium complex 3. Comb J W, Priedeman W R, Turley P W, 1994, FDM technology
which is formed by soft (periodontal ligament) and process improvements. Solid Free Fabr Proc, 11, 42-49.
hard tissues (alveolar bone and cementum). As well 4. Kruth J P, Wang X, Laoui T, et al., 2003, Lasers and materials
it was determined that bioceramics such as β-TCP and in selective laser sintering. Assem Autom, 23: 357-371.
thermoplastics such as polycaprolactone are the preferred https://doi.org/10.1108/01445150310698652.
type of biomaterial ink for bone, enamel, and cementum
regeneration. In addition, it was found that the most used 5. Murr L E, Gaytan S M, Ramirez D A, et al., 2012, Metal
cell type for these applications is dental pulp stem cells fabrication by additive manufacturing using laser and electron
and periodontal ligament stem cells due to their ability to beam melting technologies. J Mater Sci Technol, 28: 1-14.
differentiate into the different lineages of the periodontium https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1005-0302(12)60016-4.

International Journal of Bioprinting (2019)–Volume 5, Issue 1 5