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International Journal of Bioprinting Immunomodulatory bone repair by MBG/PCL

Figure 1. Characterization of MBG. (A, B) SEM and TEM images of MBG, respectively. (C) Isothermal graph of N adsorption-desorption of MBG. (D)
2
Pore size distribution graph of MBG.

30MBG/PCL (9.70 ± 4.07 MPa) scaffolds rapidly collapsed To assess the difference in performance of scaffolds in
after reaching the peak compressive strength. As shown in promoting ALP secretion from BMSCs in the presence
Figure 3D, the porosity of each group of scaffolds was 76.06 (+OIM) and absence (-OIM) of osteoinductive fluid
± 2.58%, 73.96 ± 2.83%, 71.32 ± 4.83%, 76.16 ± 3.25%, and (OIM), we co-cultured scaffolds containing different MBG
71.96 ± 2.47% in descending order of MBG content, with contents with BMSCs in +OIM and -OIM conditions for 7
no significant difference between groups. days, and examined their ALP staining and quantification.
The results, as shown in Figure S1 (Supplementary File),
3.3. Evaluation of compatibility and osteogenic OIM significantly upregulated the scaffold-promoted ALP
properties of the scaffold expression, as compared to the -OIM condition, a finding
As shown in Figure 4C, the OD values of BMSCs which we hypothesized to be related to the directional
proliferating on the scaffolds in each scaffold group differentiation of BMSCs. BMSCs have multiple trajectories
increased with the incubation time. On day 1 of co- for differentiation, and OIM can induce the directional
culture, the OD value of the 10MBG/PCL group was differentiation of BMSCs into osteoblasts.
significantly higher than that of the 0MBG/PCL group,
whereas the difference between the remaining groups was The expression results of osteogenic differentiation-
insignificant. However, the proliferative activity of the related genes (Alp, Opn, Runx2, Bmp2, Col1) in MBG/
10MBG/PCL group was significantly better than those of PCL scaffold-promoted BMSCs are shown in Figure 4E.
the other groups on days 3 and 7. This result was consistent In the early stage of osteogenic differentiation, the
with the live/dead staining fluorescence intensity on day 3 expression of osteogenic genes (Alp, Opn, and Bmp2) in
(Figure 4A). 5MBG/PCL, 10MBG/PCL, and 20MBG/PCL scaffolds was

Volume 10 Issue 5 (2024) 325 doi: 10.36922/ijb.3551