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International Journal of Bioprinting Immunomodulatory bone repair by MBG/PCL

Figure 4. Cytocompatibility and osteogenic properties of MBG/PCL scaffolds. (A) Live/dead staining results of BMSCs co-cultured with scaffolds for 3
days. (B) ALP staining of MBG/PCL scaffold on day 7. (C) Proliferative activity of BMSCs on scaffolds on days 1, 3, and 7. (D) Quantitative analysis of ALP
activity in MBG/PCL scaffolds on day 7. (E) Expression of osteogenesis-related genes (Alp, Opn, Runx2, Bmp2, Col1) in BMSCs co-cultured with scaffolds
on days 7 and 14.

According to the results of the cellular experiments, the μm, 516.67 ± 6.43 μm, and 811.33 ± 5.51 μm, respectively,
10MBG/PCL scaffolds had a stronger immunomodulatory which was in accordance with the initial design parameter
ability to induce MPs polarization toward M2 and inhibit gradient. The fiber directions differed by 90° interlacing each
the process of polarization toward the M1 phenotype other, and there were scattered pores and MBG adherence
compared with other groups. This is fully reflected in on the surface of the scaffold. There was no significant
the potential of MP-conditioned medium to promote difference in the surface roughness of the scaffolds in
osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. the three groups as seen under high magnification. The
pictures and quantitation of these scaffolds’ hydrophilicity
3.5. Effect of fiber diameter and pore size on the
characterization and physicochemical properties of are shown in Figure 6B and E. The best result was 91.30
MBG/PCL scaffolds ± 7.93° for F500, followed by 98.08 ± 5.69° for F800. The
The 10MBG/PCL group materials were selected for further compressive strength results were still the most significant
experiments, and 3D printing parameters were set using for F500 (Figure 6D). On this basis, when the fiber scaffolds
10MBG/PCL scaffolds as templates. The three groups decreased by 200 μm, the compressive performance of
of scaffolds with uniform pore diameters of 500 μm and the scaffolds decreased by 15.72 MPa. An increase in
different fiber diameters (300 μm, 500 μm, 800 μm) were fiber diameter by 300 μm increased the compressive
printed and labeled as F300, F500, and F800, respectively, performance of the scaffolds by 4.28 MPa. The porosity
while the scaffolds with uniform fiber diameter of 500 μm of the three scaffolds was inversely related to compressive
and different pore diameters (200 μm, 500 μm, 800 μm) performance, with an increase in the porosity of the F300
were labeled as P200, P500, and P800, respectively. by 1.73% compared to that of the F500, and a downward
adjustment of the F800 by 6.06% (Figure 6C).
As can be seen via SEM (Figure 6A), the pore diameters
of the three groups of scaffolds, F300, F500, and F800, were In the comparison of scaffolds with different pore
the same, and the fiber thicknesses were 314.80 ± 1.30 diameters, the fiber diameters of scaffolds in the P200,

Volume 10 Issue 5 (2024) 328 doi: 10.36922/ijb.3551