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International Journal of Bioprinting 3D-printed bioelectronic devices

Figure 3. 3D-printed surgical guidance. (A) A 3D-printed prostate was integrated with a tactile sensor for surgical guidance. Reproduced with permission
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from Wiley. Copyright © 2017 Wiley. (B) 3D-printed patient-specific aortic root model. Reprinted with permission from AAAS. Copyright © The
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Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee AAAS. Distributed under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
(C) 3D printing of electrical impedance tomography sensor on a deforming tissue surface. Reprinted with permission from AAAS. Copyright © The
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Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee AAAS. Distributed under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
geometries, minimizing the risk associated with manual meticulously modeled to mirror the geometry of the other
transplantation processes. The recent trend sees the arm using computer-aided design (CAD) software, so that it
combination of AI with in situ DIW technology to is symmetrical to the other. Moreover, a 3D-printed partial
fabricate devices directly on deformed or moving surfaces hip prosthesis incorporating internal cellular structures
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by sensing the time-varying geometric states of a target was designed based on anatomical CT scan data.
surface in real time (Figure 3C). For instance, an ionic Recently, e-skin capable of monitoring temperature and
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hydrogel-based stretchable EIT strain sensor was directly external stimuli was developed using multi-material in situ
printed onto porcine lungs under respiration-induced inkjet printing (Figure 4A). The e-skin is incorporated
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deformation. The EIT sensor showed stable adhesion to with temperature, pressure, and tactile sensors, and allowed
the lung surface during respiration and provided in situ for hair penetration and growth to enhance wearing
spatiotemporal mapping of the 2D volumetric strain. comfort. This innovative design addresses a key challenge

4.2. Prosthetics and bionic devices in wearable technology by providing both functionality
3D printing facilitates the creation of personalized and comfort to users.
prostheses by reconstructing the scanned geometries Relying on characteristics of 3D printing that
of individuals. For example, the application of FDM allows complex or out-of-plane shape fabrication,
technology has led to the design and fabrication of optoelectronic devices have shown significant promise for
patient-specific customized bionic arms. One arm was further advancement, potentially leading to ophthalmic
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Volume 10 Issue 6 (2024) 102 doi: 10.36922/ijb.4139