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3D Printing Custom Shoe Sole
were at the heel and medial forefoot for all modes of
walking, running, and jumping. From the data, it is clear
that the medial forefoot and heel absorbed the maximum
pressure during the jumping activity in comparison to the
other two activities. The absolute peak data represent the
maximum pressure at a specific point in the segmented
area. For running, the peak pressure at medial forefoot
and heel meaning both the regions are high pressure peak
areas.
Furthermore, the results revealed the elliptical
lattice has the highest stress, which accordingly
undergoes higher displacement. This is due to the
different structure in the shape of the lattice compared to
the circular and hexagonal ones. According to Figure 9,
Figure 5. The boundary conditions and contact illustration of foot it can be concluded that as the number of polygonal sides
on midsole. decreases or the ratio of large diameter to small diameter
(in horizontal geometry) increases, the amount of stress
and displacement increases.
Figures 10 and 11 show the changes in strain
energy and viscous energy loss over time, respectively.
According to these results, in each of the stepping
specifications, the highest energy is related to the
elliptical geometry. The greater effect of the elliptical
geometry is due to the topology of this structure that is
more prone to crushing and consequently undergoing
a higher amount of displacement, stress, and energy.
According to Figures 10 and 11, the maximum
values of strain energy and viscous energy loss are
Figure 6. Input forces representing the individual specifications. observed in elliptical, hexagonal, and circular lattices,
A

B

C

Figure 7. Maximum stress distributions of midsoles for different lattices (circular, elliptical, and hexagonal, from the left to right,
respectively) at different scenarios of (A) walking, (B) running, and (C) jumping.
174 International Journal of Bioprinting (2021)–Volume 7, Issue 4