Page 112 - IJB-8-1

Antibacterial Performance of Graphene Oxide-loaded Nickel
The ferromagnetic particles used in the experiment are the second step of dispersion, the GO dispersion was
reduced nickel powder purchased from Aladdin Co., Ltd gradually added to the bath containing Nip in a volume
(China), with an average particle size of 50 μm. Pure ratio of 1:9 (Figure 1C). The plating bath is titrated to
titanium sheets were used as the substrate with dimensions control the concentration of GO in the composite plating
of 30 mm × 30 mm × 0.5 mm. The weak cytotoxicity of bath to 0.5 g/L, and the whole process was carried out
titanium is beneficial to reflect the antibacterial properties under the conditions of magnetic stirring and ultrasonic
of the coating. Watts nickel bath was used as the basic vibration for 1 h, so that the GO can be uniformly mixed
plating bath. The composition of basic plating bath with Nip and fully contacted. Finally, GO and Nip adsorb
is shown in Table 1. All experimental reagents were each other and stably dispersed in the composite plating
analytical grade and distilled water was used to prepare bath (Figure S3).
the plating bath.
2.3. Preparation of the GNC
2.2. Preparation of composite plating bath The titanium sheets were polished and cleaned with acetone
To promote the dispersion of GO in the bath, the two- and alcohol, and finally were cleaned ultrasonically with
step dispersion method was adopted. In the first step distilled water. The plating bath is kept at 40℃ and is
of dispersion, GO powder and sodium dodecyl sulfate circulated and pumped by a water pump, and the flow rate
(SDS) were dispersed in distilled water at a ratio of 5 g/L of the bath at the nozzle is maintained at 200 L/h. Figure 2A
and 0.5 g/L, respectively (Figure 1A). An ultrasonic illustrates the experimental device. The flowing plating
oscillator with a power of 240 W was used. Ultrasonic bath will accumulate in the anode cavity under the action
treatment for 1 h was used to promote the uniform of the pump and is sprayed onto the cathode substrate
dispersion of GO. As an anionic additive, dissolved SDS through a rectangular nozzle. The flowing plating bath
can form an electrostatic balance with GO to maintain the connects the cathode and anode and forms a jet between
dispersed state of GO . While preparing GO dispersion, the electrodes. The distance between the nozzle and the
[42]
the reduction nickel powder was dispersed into the basic cathode substrate is maintained at 2 mm. The nickel rod in
bath according to the amount of 2 g/L, accompanied the anode tube is used as a soluble electrode to supplement
by magnetic stirring and ultrasonic vibration for 1 h the consumed nickel ions. The jet between the electrodes
(Figure 1B). The Nip were evenly dispersed in the 2
plating bath, after sufficient ultrasonic treatment. In is excited by a current of 100 A/dm , and the nickel
coating is deposited on the surface of the cathode below
Table 1. Compositions of basic plating bath. the nozzle. A large-area permanent magnet placed 3mm
Bath composition Content below the cathodes provides a uniform magnetic field
with a strength of 100 mT to capture the Nip in the jet. In
NiSO ·6H O 260 g/L the deposition process, the deposition area of nickel ions
2
4
NiCl ·6H O 40 g/L is focused on the impact area of the jet on the cathode
2
2
H BO 3 40 g/L under the restriction of the nozzle. The anode and nozzle
3
Saccharin 5 g/L will perform a reciprocating uniform scanning movement
A B

C

Figure 1. (A-C) Schematic of preparing the composite plating bath.

98 International Journal of Bioprinting (2022)–Volume 8, Issue 1