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Optimization of 3D Printing Parameters of PLA/HA Bone Plates
• When the process parameters yielded larger areas of https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.02.022
high temperature, the specimen had good mechanical 4. Dos Santos T, Merlini C, Aragones A, et al., 2019,
properties. Larger areas could be heated, and the heat Manufacturing and Characterization of Plates for
dissipation was relatively slow for those parameters, Fracture Fixation of Bone with Biocomposites of Poly
making it easier to fully bond with the surrounding (Lactic Acid-Co-Glycolic Acid) (PLGA) with Calcium
materials.
• A high printing pressure of the material during Phosphates Bioceramics. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol
printing helped the material spread to both sides, Appl, 103:109728.
filling the gap between two adjacent lines and https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2019.05.013
reducing the porosity. A high pressure of the molten 5. Dhandapani R, Krishnan PD, Zennifer A, et al., 2020, Additive
material helped to improve the bonding quality Manufacturing of Biodegradable Porous Orthopaedic Screw.
between adjacent deposited lines and layers. Bioact Mater, 5:458–67.
• When the HA content was 20%, the cross-section https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.03.009
was rough compared to those of the pure PLA and
10% HA specimens. Furthermore, it contained a 6. Tong Y, Kaplan DJ, Spivak JM, et al., 2020, Three-
large number of dimples and pores, thus reducing the Dimensional Printing in Spine Surgery: A Review of Current
bending properties of the specimen. Applications. Spine J, 20:833–46.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2019.11.004
Acknowledgments 7. Xia RZ, Zhai ZJ, Chang YY, et al., 2019, Clinical Applications
We would like to acknowledge the financial support of 3‐Dimensional Printing Technology in Hip Joint. Orthop
of the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Surg, 11:533–44.
Autonomous Region of China (No. 2019D01C040) and https://doi.org/10.1111/os.12468
the Postgraduate scientific research innovation project 8. Wang F, Chen H, Yang P, et al., 2019, Three-Dimensional
of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China (No. Printed Porous Tantalum Prosthesis for Treating Inflammation
XJ2021G047).
after Total Knee Arthroplasty in One-Stage Surgery-a Case
Conflict of interest Report. J Int Med Res, 48:1-10.
The authors reported no potential conflict of interest in https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060519891280
this study. 9. Xiao R, Feng X, Fan R, et al., 2020, 3D Printing of Titanium-
Coated Gradient Composite Lattices for Lightweight
Author contributions Mandibular Prosthesis. Compos B Eng, 193:108057.

P.A. designed and performed the experiments, data https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108057
analysis, and drafted the manuscript. H.J. participated in 10. Liu D, Fu J, Fan H, et al., 2018, Application of 3D-Printed
and assisted in most experiments. W.A. supervised the PEEK Scapula Prosthesis in the Treatment of Scapular
entire research process. A.K. assisted in internal defect Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma: A Case Report. J Bone Oncol,
testing. 12:78–82.

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164 International Journal of Bioprinting (2022)–Volume 8, Issue 1