Page 192 - IJB-8-4

A Review on Bioinks and their Application in Plant Bioprinting
Table 2. (Continued).
Biomaterials Derived from Compositions Advantages Disadvantages Reference
and fungal cell the polymer is known as
walls. Chitin is chitosan.
also created by a
variety of other
living organisms
in the lower
plant and animal
kingdoms
for its strong
reinforcing
and strength
protection
qualities.
Chitosan is
generated from
deacetylated
chitin.
Collagen Collagen is Most collagens have two α-1 i. Excellent i. Due to shrinkage, [92,98-100]
the primary chains and one α-2 chain. printability inconsistent
structural A single chain consists of a ii. Low deformation
protein found in left-handed helix with 3.3 immunogenicity structures limit
the connective residues per turn. iii. Most prominent its application for
tissues of To construct a right-handed ECM component high-resolution 3D
animals, superhelical structure, of connective printing.
typically found the α-chains are twisted tissue ii. Sterilization
in fibrous together. Between the iv. Easily degradable causes structural
tissues including residues of various chains, v. Provides many changes.
tendons and hydrogen bonds are present. integrin-binding iii. Mechanically weak
ligaments, as Both collagen chains have a motifs for cell (elastic moduli
well as bones, three-amino-acid repeating attachment and of 1 kPa), hence
cartilage, unit, with glycine (Gly) proliferation. cannot construct
cornea, accounting for one-third vi. It can be simply self-supporting
intervertebral of all amino acids in each processed and scaffolds.
discs, stomach, chain. Proline (Pro) and altered. vii. Slow gelation rate
and blood hydroxyproline (Hyp) for bioprinting
vessels. regularly follow each leads to
other, with the sequence non-homogenous
Gly-Pro-Hyp making up cell suspensions
approximately 10% of the owing to gravity
molecule. pull down
Decellularized Diverse organs Collagen and i. Creates a i. Detergent-induced [92,101-103]
Extracellular and tissues proteoglycans, two key microenvironment protein
Matrix have been components of ECM, of natural denaturation
decellularized are secreted by cells and extracellular matrix ii. Low mechanical
for producing organized in a manner ii. Directs a qualities necessitate
natural ECM particular to individual tissue-specific a hybridization
using several tissue types. It also lineage and with a polymeric
methodologies contains a growth factor maintains the matrix to provide
involving, and cytokine reservoir. phenotype stability, which
enzymatic, of mature must be removed
chemical, and differentiated cells. subsequently.

(Contd...)
184 International Journal of Bioprinting (2022)–Volume 8, Issue 4