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International Journal of Bioprinting 3D printing of smart constructs for precise medicine

bioink included two network structures: A permanent anticancer agent, indicating that SMHs can be used for
network created by F127DA photo-crosslinking and a drug delivery. They evaluated the release profile under
reversible lattice shape created by alginate (Figure 7A). The in vitro conditions and found that the printed SMHs can
printed construct with the temporal state had the higher release more drugs (Figure 7B), probably because of the
release profile of drug when compared with the one with 3D-bioprinted interior patterns, which increase the surface
original state, indicating the curved shape could increase area of the drug. Larush et al. [120] utilized the DLP bioprinting
the drug release. Shape-memory hydrogels (SMHs) can be method to develop drug delivery systems with shape-
loaded with methotrexate (MTX), which is a representative dependent swelling- and pH-triggered drug release. This

A B

C D

F
E

Figure 7. Potential applications for drug delivery. (A) The images displaying the shape-memory behavior of F127DA-alginate hydrogels: (left) Printing
shape, (middle) UV 365 nm fixed the original shape of bioink, (right) the temporary shape of the biomaterial ink. (B) In vitro drug release profiles from
3D-printed structure. (C) Images of drug-loaded 3D-printed tablets with different shapes before and after 24 h swelling in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4)
(reproduced with permission from Wang et al. [119] ; copyright 2021, John Wiley and Sons). (D) Photographs obtained during shape recovery (room
temperature) on PVA05GLY samples with their original I-shape [153] . (Figures A, B, and D reproduced with permission from Wang et al. [153] , copyright
2021, John Wiley and Sons). (E) Enzymatic degradation of fabricated microswimmers; MMP-2 is degraded from microswimmers within 118 h at
the physiological level. (F) Application scenario of the 3D-printed and biodegradable microrobotic swimmers. [122] . (Figures E and F reproduced with
permission from Ceylan et al. [122] , copyright 2021, John Wiley and Sons).

Volume 9 Issue 1 (2023) 244 https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v9i1.638