Page 377 - IJB-9-3

International Journal of Bioprinting 3D-printed anistropic meniscus

Table 2. 3D printing strategies of heterogeneous TEM
Strategies combined Materials Methods and process In vitro/ Biological effect References
with 3D printing In vivo of heterogeneity
reconstruction
Advanced and MWCNTs Reinforcement architecture with In vitro High energy dissipation [74]
biomimetic anisotropic layers of aligned and compressive modulus
biofabrication surface modified MWCNTs. regulated by the strand ankle
strategies
PCL/hydrogel Fibers were circumferentially In vitro Good mechanical property [75]
aligned that would mimic and cytocompatibility
the structural organization, induced by the
biochemistry and anatomy of circumferentially aligned
meniscus. PCL/hydrogel fibers.
ECs/MF/COL-1/ Promote or inhibit angiogenesis In vitro Anisotropic distribution of [77]
CdECM through the biological blood vessels.
manufacture of anisotropic
biomaterials.
PCL The scaffold was designed into In vitro and The scaffold with 215 μm [80]
different mean pore size (215 μm, in vivo mean pore size presented
320 μm, 515 μm). superior regeneration effect
both in vitro and in vivo.
PCL A novel hierarchical scaffold was In vitro Smaller pores were supposed [81]
designed with different pore size. to be more beneficial for
chondrogenic differentiation.
Hydrogel Aligned nanofiber layers. In vitro The structural integrity and [83]
shape fidelity of the scaffold
were enhanced by aligned
nanofiber layers between the
hydrogel layers.
EIC Cage-shaped scaffold. In vitro EIC scaffold demonstrated [84]
better interconnection,
mechanical properties
and cell adhesion and
proliferation ability.
Biomaterials PCL/GelMA Cell-loaded GelMA was In vitro COL-1 deposition was [86]
incubated in the periphery and significantly increased in the
GelMA-Ag in the inner region. outer zone, and chondrogenic
differentiation of stem cells
was found in the inner zone.
Alginate/ECM The scaffold was based on In vitro fibroblast differentiation was [87]
alginate, and functionalized with significantly increased in the
peripheral meniscus ECM. outer zone and chondrogenic
differentiation of stem cells was
promoted in the inner zone.
PCL/hydrogel/ The 3D-printed PCL/hydrogel In vitro and The heterogeneity was [88]
PDGF-BB/KGN scaffold was dual-loaded with in vivo successfully achieved with
PDGF-BB and chondrogenic the migration of ESPCs
molecule KGN. promoted by PDGF-BB and
chondrogenic differentiation
induced by KGN.
PCL/MECM/ The 3D-printed PCL/MECM/ In vitro and The synergistic effect of [89]
KGN-μS KGN composite scaffold in vivo MECM and KGN sustained
was loaded with PLGA μS release endows PCL/
encapsulated with KGN. MECM-KGN μS scaffold
excellent cytocompatibility
and chondrogenic activity.
(Contd...)

Volume 9 Issue 3 (2023) 369 https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.693