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International Journal of Bioprinting Biocompatible 3D printing photosensitive resin

plays different roles through p53, JNK, and p38 signaling addition, the NIPUA photosensitive resin also showed
pathways [33,34] . When DNA is damaged, GADD45a good thermal stability and did not deform at 69°C. Most
upregulation promotes stem cell apoptosis Furthermore, importantly, we evaluated the biocompatibility of NIPUA
[35]
CDKN1a was downregulated in NIPUA compared with the by comparing it with commercial resins. The commercial
Trans or White group. CDKN1a is the most widely known resins demonstrated more pronounced toxicity and may
cell cycle inhibitory protein with the broadest kinase pose a safety hazard during implantation as a surgical
activity . It is one of the most important downstream guide, whereas the NIPUA resin has good biocompatibility
[36]
genes of the p53 gene and is a major component in the in vitro and in vivo. This paper presents an ingenious
regulation of cell cycle arrest after DNA damage . Our method for the fabrication of medical-grade NIPUA from
[37]
results indicate that compared to NIPUA, the commercial renewable materials, broadening the possibility of NIPUA
resins are highly toxic, which affect the cell cycle and cause photosensitive resin as a 3D bioprinting material and
DNA damage. providing important direction for its clinical application.
In addition, MYC expression level was upregulated in
NIPUA compared with the Trans or White group. There Acknowledgments
is positive feedback between MYC and Wnt signaling None.
pathways . Several ligand-membrane receptor pro-
[38]
growth signaling pathways pass through MYC, such Funding
as Notch and EGFR [39-41] . Low expression of MYC in This work was supported by Guangdong Basic and
commercial resins may activate cell cycle checkpoints, Applied Basic Research Foundation (2020B1515120075),
causing cell growth arrest and death or even carcinogenesis. Key Research and Development Program of Guangzhou
The expression of PLK1 was upregulated in NIPUA (202007020002), and Dongguan Sci-tech Commissioner
compared with the Trans or White group. PLK1 plays an Program (20221800500032).
important role in mitosis, participating in centrosome
migration and spindle assembly [42,43] . There is a negative Conflict of interest
feedback regulation between a Fas-associated protein with
the death domain (FADD) and PLK1. Inhibition of PLK1 The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
activity impairs autophagy and weakens the interaction
of FADD with downstream signaling proteins such as Author contributions
caspase-8 . The upregulation of PLK1 levels in the NIPUA Conceptualization: Zhichao Zheng, Janak L. Pathak
[44]
group reduced malignant cell proliferation and inhibited Formal analysis: Yan Wang, Zhichao Zheng, Weiwei Feng
the possibility of carcinogenesis. BUB1b is involved in Funding acquisition: Huade Zheng
regulating the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) . The Investigation: Yan Wang, Weicong Wu, Chuangang Yang
[45]
SAC maintains genomic stability by delaying cell division Methodology: Lihong Wu
and ensuring proper chromosome segregation [46,47] . Resources: Weiwei Feng, Lihong Wu
Mutations or abnormal expressions of SAC proteins lead Project administration: Huade Zheng
to the development of cancer . BUB1b directly interacts Supervision: Lihong Wu, Huade Zheng
[48]
with CDC20 in the mitotic checkpoint complex, thereby Visualization: Yan Wang
inhibiting mitotic prophase . Thus, the high expression Writing – original draft: Yan Wang
[49]
of BUB1b in the NIPUA group ensured the correct Writing – review & editing: Janak L. Pathak, Huade Zheng
chromosome segregation and inhibited unlimited cell
proliferation. Ethics approval and consent to participate

4. Conclusion All animal experiments were approved by the committee
of the laboratory animal center at Guangdong Huawei
In this study, we first synthesized a low-toxic NIPU resin Testing Co, LTD (No.202209004).
via the green synthesis method. We investigated the effect
of different content of PEGDA on the physicochemical Consent for publication
properties of the photosensitive resin. A non-isocyanate
polyurethane NIPUA with strong mechanical properties, Not applicable.
high thermal stability, and good biosafety was obtained.
When the content of PEGDA was 12 wt.%, NIPUA Availability of data
reached its peak in tensile and flexural strength. In The data will be provided upon reasonable request.

Volume 9 Issue 3 (2023) 90 https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.684